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# Gopal Narayan Singh University ## First Professional MBBS University Examination - 2024(I) ### Subject - Physiology Paper II #### Code - MBBS102-II **Time:** 3 hrs **Total Marks:** 100 **Instructions:** Attempt all questions. Explain your answers with appropriate diagrams. **1. Long Answer Que...

# Gopal Narayan Singh University ## First Professional MBBS University Examination - 2024(I) ### Subject - Physiology Paper II #### Code - MBBS102-II **Time:** 3 hrs **Total Marks:** 100 **Instructions:** Attempt all questions. Explain your answers with appropriate diagrams. **1. Long Answer Questions** **a) Insulin Biosynthesis and Mechanism of Action, and Diabetic Metabolic Disturbances (15x2 = 30 Marks)** * Write the biosynthesis and mechanism of action of insulin. * Explain the metabolic and functional disturbances in diabetes mellitus. **b) Basal Ganglia, Parkinsonism (15x2 = 30 Marks)** * Describe the nuclei, connections, and functions of basal ganglia. * What are the features of Parkinsonism? * How can Parkinsonism be reduced? **2. Short Answer Questions (6x4 = 24 Marks)** **a) Grave's Disease** **b) Synaptic Plasticity** **c) Visual Pathway and Lesions** * Draw and label a diagram of the visual pathway. * Describe lesions that can affect the visual pathway. **d) Righting Reflexes** **3. Short Notes (Applied Aspect and Reasoning) (6x4 = 24 Marks)** **a) Lactational Amenorrhea** **b) Permissive Action of Glucocorticoids** **c) Hypothermia** **d) Cerebellum's Role in Posture and Equilibrium** * Role of the cerebellum in controlling body posture and equilibrium. **4. Enumerate the Following (1x10 = 10 Marks)** **a) Sperm Formation Process (Approximate Time)** * The entire process of sperm formation takes about 210 weeks **b) Counter Current Exchange System** * The counter current exchange system includes _Shiva sa necta_ **c) Receptors and Monosodium Glutamate** * These receptors react to foods treated with monosodium glutamate. **d) Primary Hyperaldosteronism** * This syndrome is caused by primary hyperaldosteronism due to unregulated aldosterone production. **e) Primary Acid-Base Disturbance (Hyperventilation)** * The primary acid-base disturbance caused by hyperventilation is... **f) Milk Let-Down Mechanism** * Originates primarily in the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and causes milk letdown. **g) Growth Hormone and Epiphyseal Plates** * Increased growth hormone after closure of the epiphyseal plates causes... **h) Mullerian Ducts and Female Internal Structures** * In the absence of..., the Mullerian ducts develop, which differentiate into female internal structures. **i) Primary Amenorrhea** * The most common cause of primary amenorrhea is... **j) Skeletal Muscle Stretch Reflexes** * act as sensory receptors in skeletal muscle stretch reflexes. **5. Multiple Choice Questions (1x12 = 12 Marks)** **1) Function of Limbic System (Choose the exception)** * a) Emotion * b) Memory * c) Higher functions * d) Planned motor activity