Diencephalon and Epithalamus Anatomy PDF

LO1: List the two divisions of the Forebrain and specify the primary and secondary brain vesicles from which they originate.  LO2: Describe the location of the diencephalon, and name its subdivisions and functions...

LO1: List the two divisions of the Forebrain and specify the primary and secondary brain vesicles from which they originate.  LO2: Describe the location of the diencephalon, and name its subdivisions and functions In the center of the brain. Emotions Sensory relay station Each side of the brain has a & thalamus circadian rhythms Major control center of endocrine and autonomic nervous systems Motor functions Component of the basal ganglia circuit (involved ©Beatriz Castro in regulating voluntary motor movements) © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.  LO3: Associate each group of thalamic nuclei with its main function(s) It acts as a “relay station or gateway” for information traveling to and from different parts of the brain. Nearly all input to cerebrum synapses in thalamic nuclei. Sensory Signals That Typically Pass Through It: visual and auditory information plus somatosensory information from the periphery. Source: http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit5_3_nerve_org1_cn Olfactory (smell) & Gustatory (taste) sensory signals bypass it. s.html 5 major functional groups of nuclei: MEDIAL GROUP Emotions ANTERIOR GROUP LATERAL GROUP Part of limbic system Somatosensory output to (memory and emotion) association areas of cortex VENTRAL GROUP Somatosensory output to primary ©Beatriz Castro POSTERIOR GROUP Visual-to occipital lobe (visual cortex) cortex (postcentral gyrus) Relay of signals Signals from cerebellum & basal Auditory-to temporal lobe (auditory cortex) nuclei to motor areas of cortex Nuclei: clusters of neuronal cell bodies  LO4: Indicate the components of the epithalamus and their functions Very small mass of tissue composed mainly of: - A relay from the limbic system to the midbrain -endocrine gland (gland) Produces melatonin it participates in regulation of the body’s circadian (24-hour) rhythms ©Beatriz Castro Figure from https://doctorlib.info/anatomy/clinical-neuroanatomy-28/9.html  LO5: Explain the overall function of the hypothalamus the body's ability to maintain a stable (Endocrine regulation) internal environment despite external Bilateral collection of nuclei (11). Homeostasis changes and fluctuations. It involves the regulation of various physiological variables (such as temperature, blood Ca2+, glucose levels, etc.) Regulation Limbic of ANS system involved in emotional and behavioral responses that have autonomic components. LO6: Associate each hypothalamic function with the nuclei groups that are most closely linked to their execution Suprachiasmatic Mammillary nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus nucleus Memory formation Rage & other emotions Relay b/w limbic system & The master circadian clock thalamus It regulates most circadian rhythms in the body Arcuate nucleus, (medial) Preoptic nucleus Hormone secretion Paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525993/#:~:text=The%20hypothalamus%20is%20a%20bilateral,regulate%20autonomic%20and%20somatic%20behavior.  -“feeding center=hunger”:  eating Glucose sensing- It possesses glucose-sensing neurons: sense and respond to changes in blood glucose levels. “Satiety center”: ↓ eating It receives signals from GI tract and adipose tissue (leptin) & regulates both satiety and feeding centers.  LO7: State the main functions of the 5 lobes of the cerebrum Telencephalon PARIETAL lobe Integrates general FRONTAL lobe senses (pain, temperature, touch, pressure, vibration, and Voluntary proprioception), & motor taste information control Planning Speech judgment production Broca's area OCCIPITAL lobe Principal visual “executive functions”: Decision-making, impulse control, and reasoning center of brain INSULA Visceral sensation TEMPORAL lobe Empathy Language Verbal, visual, comprehension (hidden by other regions) ©Beatriz Castro Hearing auditory memory Wernicke's area Smell Cognition (integration of information) is accomplished by association areas of the cerebral cortex Icons from: @thenounproject