CMS1.pdf

CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Unit-1 Introduction, Installation & Configuration What is Content Management System?  A software application used to upload, edit and manage content displayed on a website. OR  CMS is software which stores all the data such as text, photos, music, documents...

CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Unit-1 Introduction, Installation & Configuration What is Content Management System?  A software application used to upload, edit and manage content displayed on a website. OR  CMS is software which stores all the data such as text, photos, music, documents and is made available on our website. OR  It is an application that help user to manage data or information of website. List of CMS  Wordpress  Joomla  Drupal  Magento  Blogger DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 1  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 2  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Introduction of Wordpress  Website creation tool written in PHP.  Wordpress is Open source. We can download it from wordpress.org  WordPress themes and plugins can add new design options and added functionality.  Administrator manages websites content without coding.  Wordpress was initially developed by Matt mullenwegand Mike little in 27th may 2003. What Wordpresscan do?  Wordpress is an excellent website platform for a variety of websites.  Wordpress is used to create ecommerce, business; portfolio website etc.wordpress is a versatile CMS.  Here are just a few examples of the types of websites you can build with WordPress: Blog E-commerce Business News Photography Music Feature of Wordpress 1. Multi-language support:-  Wordpress is available in more than 70 languages.  This feature allows us to translate entire content into the language preferred by user. 2.Flexibility:- DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 3  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  With wordpress we can create any type of website we want: a business website, a government website, a magazine or news website etc. 3. Extend with plugin:-  Wordpress contain plugin directory with thousands of plugin. Ex:-Contact form 7 4. Theme System:-  Wordpress provide thousands of themes in theme directory.  Theme helps us to create beautiful website.  Upload our own theme with click of a button.  It only takes a few seconds for apply. 5. Easilypublish: -  We can create post and pages.  Format to any page or post is easy.  Easily insert media.  With the click of a button our content is live on the web. 6. Usermanagement:-  It allows managing the user information such as changing the role of the users, create or delete the user, changethe password and user information.  The main role of user manager is authentication. 7. Mediamanagement:-  A picture says a thousand words.  It is important for us to quickly and easily upload images to wordpress. 8. Built-in Comments:-  It provides a space for our follower and friend to engage with our content. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 4  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 9. Easy installation and upgrades 10. Show/hide things using screen options:-  This screen option button allows us to show and hide items on wordpress admin screen.  This allows us to simplify our admin pages according to requirement. 11. Search engine optimized:-  For SEO control, there are plenty of SEO plugins available which help to increase more traffic. 12. Applylinks, videos and multimedia  Wordpress automatically apply content from some of the most popular website like youtube, twitter, instagram etc.  We need to just copy the URL from one of the supported sites and wordpress will automatically apply it for us. 13. Edit images in wordpress:-  Wordpress provide basic image editing feature.  In image editing mode, we can crop, rotate and resize an image. 14. Preview theme without activating them  Many people worry that changing their wordpresstheme will produce unwanted result for their website. Thisconcern isgenuine.  One of the things we can do is to test the new theme without activating it.  Take the mouse to the newly installed theme then click on Live Preview button. Advantages of Wordpress  75 million sites depend on it.  23% of site made using wordpress. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 5  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  61% of user prefer wordpress, 8% of user go with joomla, 5% of user use drupal, 3% of user use magento. 1. Usability and simplicity:-  With other frameworks we need some basic technical knowledge but when it comes to wordpressuser with no technical background uses it easily.  We don‟t need to be familiar with programming languages like HTML, PHP, and CSSetc as it is click and use.  Wordpress is easy to setup, update and manage. 2. Manage Your Website from Any Computer:-  WordPress is browser-based. You can login from any Internet connected computer and manage your site. 3. Plugins:-  This is the main advantage of wordpress.  It has over 45,000 plugins for almost every functionality.  We don‟t have to write a single line of code for any functionality just installs the respective plugin and functionality is automatically installed in our site. 4. Fasterdevelopment:-  The process of developing a site is fast because we need to installplugin, theme and drag and drop functionality. 5. Responsive design:-  Wordpress offers a responsive design which ensures that our website run same on different devices (mobile, computer, tablet, laptop). 6. Multiple theme options:-  Theme decides the look of website. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 6  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  Wordpress provide multiple themes; user can download the theme according to their requirement. 7. SEO friendly:-  Search engine (google, bing) love wordpress because code is simple and make it easy for them to read. 8. Wordpress is cost effective  Developing any website is cost effective.  We can do it our self instead of hiring a designer every time you need to update the content of your site. 9. No HTML editing software required  Wordpress is a self-contained system and does not require HTML editing software (such as Microsoft visual studio or Dreamweaver).  We can create a new page format text, upload images (and edit them), upload documents, video files all without the need for additional HTML software. 10. Have Multiple Users  As an administrator of a WordPress site, you can set-up multiple users for the website and assign access levels and capabilities to each user. Disadvantages of wordpress 1. Modificationrequires knowledge of PHP:-  If we want to modify functionality of site we will have to learn php. 2. Graphics modification requires knowledge of CSS and HTML 3.Plugin and efficiency:-  More than one number of pluginsprovides same functionality.  Sometimes choosing the right one may take quite some time. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 7  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 4. Frequentlyupdates:-  After each update some functionality of the site does not work. Ex:-plugin might stop working. 5. MySQL as database backend:-  Wordpress uses MySQL as a database backend.  MySQL is less secure.  It is vulnerable to cyber-attacks and can be hacked easily. 6. Slow page speed:  Wordpress is slow due to plugin, large images, lot of wording on page.  Unreliable hosting can impact our website speed.  Page speed is crucial to your website.  We want a fast-loading website so your audience doesn‟t get impatient and decide to leave, which can cause you to lose business because they won‟t see what you have to offer. 7. No support:-  Wordpress does not provide technical support to their end users. 8.Can be expensive  Wordpress itself is free, butwordpress depends on plugin and themes for customization.  Some of the plugin and theme are free; they are not always reliable or safe.  Furthermore, if you want your website to stand out and your visitors to have a great you have to buy a theme, as the free ones are overused. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 8  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Installation of XAMPP Step-1 Right click on xampp application and click on Run as administrator. Step-2 click on next DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 9  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Step-3 Click on next Step-4 Select your computer drive and click on next. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 10  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Step-5 Click on next Step-6 Click on next DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 11  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Step-7 Click on next. After this start the installing xampp DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 12  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WORDPRESS INSTALLATION Step-1 Click the Let’s go button. Step-2 After fill the below details. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 13  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Step-3 Click on the Run installation button. Step-4 Fill the below details. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 14  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Step-5 Your wordpress is successfully installed and click on the login button. Step-6 Write your username and password and click on login button. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 15  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Wordpress directory and file structure:-  The wordpress software contains many different files and directories.  The directory means folder.  Directory contains more than one file.  The directory structure is the organization of files. It describes how files are arranged for an application.  The core wordpress files and directories are listed below wp-admin wp-content wp-includes Index.php License.txt Readme.html wp-activate.php wp-blog-header.php wp-comments-post.php wp-config- wp-cron.php wp-load.php sample.php wp-login.php wp-mail.php wp-settings.php wp-config.php.htaccess wp-trackback.php xmlrpc.php wp-signup.php Wordpress directory and file 1. wp-admin:-  It contains the files which is necessary to run our dashboard (backend).  When you are trying to log in to the dashboard, WordPress checks whether the credentials that you have provided are correct, or whether you are an admin or a simple contributor with limited access to the site.  The files in the wp-admin folder enable WordPress to carry out these functions. The files also enable a bunch of other functions like loading of the dashboard, making a connection to the database, etc. 2. wp-content:-  Wordpress stores all the theme, plugin and uploaded content in wp-content folder. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 16  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  Whenever you install a theme, it‟s stored in the Themes folder; plugins are installed in the Plugins folder and the images that you upload are stored in the Uploads folder.  The content of this folder may differ from one wordpress site to another. 3. wp-includes:-  wp-includes is what enables the site to run.  This folder is large in size, and most of the WordPress core files are stored here.  The text that we see on WordPress, the font of the text – all these are enabled by the files in the wp-includes folder.  A fresh WordPress install will include over 140 different files in the main directory, and fourteen different folders including certificates, fonts, js, theme- compact, and widgets.  These subfolders aren‟t important as the files included in the main folder, such as functions.php. 4.index.php:-  This is the entry page to the entire site.  index.php is default home page on the web server.  If server receives a url without a page name http://amazon.in then index.php file is returned. 5.license.txt:-  This is wordpress license file.  The wordpress is free software and is licensed under the GNU (general public license). 6.readme.html:-This core file contains the instructions to the user. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 17  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 7.wp-config.php:-  It is one of the corewordpress files which contain information about the database, includingthe name, host (localhost), username and password. 8. htaccess:-  It is a server configuration file so only read by server.  Used for redirects. 9. wp_activate.php:-  Confirms that the activation key that is sent in an email after a user signs * up for a new site matches the key for that user and then displays confirmation. 10. xmlrpc.php:-  It stands for extensible markup language remote procedure call  The XMLRPC allows remote connection to WordPress.  XMLRPC is only useful if you‟re planning to use mobile apps to publish content on your website. Note:-We need to install Manage XML-RPC plugin in our computer. This plugin is simple and does the job to enable and disable the XMLRPC whenever you wish. Mobile App:-WptoGo Dashboard overview  The Dashboard is the first screen we will see when we have successfully logged into wordpress.  The Wordpress dashboard gives general overview of our websites.  Dashboard can be categorized as many different categories. 1. Toolbar:-  On the top of the dashboard is toolbar. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 18  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  On the right-hand side of the toolbar, we will find links to edit our profile or logout.  On the left hand side of the toolbar update available for our sites‟s theme or plugins. 2. Dashboard Menu:-  The Wordpress Dashboard provides navigation menu that contain many option like post, media library, pages, comments, appearance, plugin, users, tools and setting on left side. 3. Screen options:-  The screen option allows us to customize our dashboard.  It contains check boxes to show or hide screen options. 4. Welcome:-  The first time when we log into Wordpress Dashboard, we will be greeted with a Welcome module that contains some links.  It includes the Customize Your Site button which allows customizing our wordpress theme.  The center column provides some of the useful links such as creating a blog post, creating a page and views the front end of your website.  Last column contain links to menus, comments. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 19  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Dashboard 5. Quick Draft:-  It is used when we have to save the post and used it in future.  It includes the title for the draft, some notes about the draft and save it as a Draft. 6. WordpressNews:-  It displays the latest news such as latest software version, update from the officialwordpress blog. 7. Activity:- DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 20  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  The Activity includes latest comments on our website and recently published posts.  It allows you to approve, disapprove, reply, edit, or delete a comment.  It also allows you to move a comment to spam. 8. At aGlance:-  It gives overview of our website including the number of posts, published pages, and comments.  This also give idea about which theme is currently activated.  It also gives reminder if we have blocked search engines from indexing a website. Post,Page,Category and Tag Post:-  Post means news or informational updates about a certain topic.  Posts are content listed in a reverse chronological order (newest content on top).  When you create a WordPress post, you have the option to assign it in categories and tags.  Categories and tags help you organize your posts and make it easier for readers to find the content they are interested in.  They‟re dynamic and constantly changing the content. Ex:-news (India won by 5 wickets) Page:-  Pages are similar to posts in that they have a title and body text, but page is used for static content.Ex:-AboutUs,ContactUs DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 21  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  Pages cannot use categories or tags.  Pages are nested. Ex: “About us” can have a sub-page called “Our history”. Difference between post and page Posts Page Dynamic Static(fixed) Posts have published date Don‟t have publish date We can categorize posts Can‟t Categorize page Posts have author Don‟t have author User is able to comment on post User is not able to comment content Category:-  Category is one of the default taxonomies in WordPress.  It is used to sort and group content into different sections. Why category?  Any website that has large number of content use category. Ex: A news related website can have categories like sports, Gujarat, India, entertainmentetc Ex:-Online shopping sites Mobiles, Electronics, Sports, Mens, Women etc  Categories are hierarchical, meaning that each one can have child categories. Tags:-  Tag is one of the pre-defined taxonomy in WordPress.  Users can add tags to their WordPress posts  Tag is one type of keyword.  Each post can contain multiple tags and visitors can click on a tag to find similar posts that have that same tag. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 22  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  Tags are completely optional.  Tags are used by search engine.  Maximum 45 tags are displayed in website.  Five to 15 tags are a good number to add to each of your posts. Ex:-We wrote a post about Virat kohli, we might set up the tags and categories Category: Cricket Tags: Virat kohli, chiku, Indian captain, royal challengers Bangalore,one8 User roles and capabilities  There are five types of users in wordpress 1. Subscriber 2. Contributor 3. Author 4. Editor 5. Administrator 1. Subscriber  All new users are subscribers by default.  Subscriber can read our site, post comment.  They cannot write posts nor do anything else inside our admin area (wordpress dashboard).  Subscriber can change their password if they want to.  Generally, this user role is beneficial when you requiresomeone to login first to view posts or comments. 2. Contributor  This user is able to create and edit the post. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 23  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  Contributor is not able to publish the post.  They can add tag to their post.  This role doesn‟t have permissions to add media to their own posts.  Contributors can view comments on their posts.  Contributor is not able to delete, approve and disapprove comment.  They don‟t have access to plugin, theme.  They are not able to change any settings on the site, not create new categories and will have to choose from existing categories. 3. Author  An author can write, edit and publish posts.  They are able to delete their own post.  Contributors, who cannot upload media to the posts, an author can do upload media files to posts.  Also they can select categories, an author can select categories for post, but these categories have to be added beforehand by an editor or an admin.  Author can view comments on their posts; they can reply and delete a comment.  Author does not have access to plugins or themes. 4. Editor  This is the second highest role in terms of permissions.  Editor has almost full content control on the site.  An editor can also monitor comments. And also able to reply and delete comment.  This user can create, edit, publish or delete any WordPress posts or pages. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 24  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  An editor can manage categories.  They are able to add, edit and delete categories of posts.  An editor doesn‟t have access to add or delete plugins or themes on the site. 5. Administrator  The most powerful user role of the wordpress.  Users with their role set as Administrator have access to everything on our wordpress website.  Apart from all the permissions of an editor has, an administrator can add or delete plugins and themes.  He is able to add new user‟s roles, even an administrator.  This role is basically for website owners.  They can also change password of users or even delete users including user roles as administrator.  This role is used when we are running a multiuser wordpress site. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 25  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM User roles and capabilities DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 26  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM User roles and capabilities Setting section  Wordpress settings appear at the bottom of the dashboard (admin menu) on the left side of our screen.  Setting section contain many submenus page. 1. General 2. Writing 3. Reading 4. Discussion 5. Media DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 27  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 6. Permalinks 1. General setting  It is basic configuration setting related to website.  It contains below field Site title Tagline:-Short sentence about site. WordpressURL:- Site address URL Email address Membership User role Site language Time zone:-Universal time coordinated Date format Time format Week starts on 2.Writing setting  It is related with post and categories.  We can submit a post with use of email.  We need to set up secret mail account, enablePOP3 access, add email address.  We just have to send an email to that address and wordpress will automatically publish a post. 3. Reading setting  Reading settings affect the output.  Several setting like front page and search engine visibility can be configured on this page. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 28  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Front page displays − this section is used to display the front page in any of the following format Your latest posts − It displays latest posts on the front page. A static page − It displays the static pages on the front page. Front Page − you can select the actual page you want to display on front page from the drop down. Posts Page − you can select the page from the drop down which containsposts. Blog pages show at most − the number of posts to be displayed per page or site. By default, it is set as 10. Syndication feeds show the most recent − the user can view the number of posts when they download one of the site feeds. By default, it is set as 10. For each article in a feed show Full Text − It displays the complete post. It is set as default. Summary − It displays the summary of the post. Search Engine Visibility-After clicking on the checkbox, our site will be ignored by the search engine. 4. Discussion setting:-  This will help us to manage comment.  This contains below field Allow people to post comments on new articles Comment author must fill out name and e-mail Users must be registered and logged in to comment Automatically close comments on articles older than days:-This option allows you to accept comments only for a particular time period as per your wish. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 29  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Enable threaded (nested) comments Break comments into pages We can arrange comment in ascending or descending order Email me whenever − this setting contains two options Anyone posts a comment A comment is held for moderation Before a comment appears-This setting contain two options Comment must be manually approved Comment author must have a previously approved comment Comment Moderation Comment Blacklist Avatars:-It is a small image. It is like our profile picture. Avatar Display Maximum rating Default Avatar 5. Media setting:-  It is related with image on our website.  By default, WordPress has three image sizes Thumbnail Medium Large  Uploaded image will be arranged into year and month-based folder.  When we upload any image wordpress generate three images. 6.Permalinks setting:-  It is the URL. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 30  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Ex:-www.amazon.in/mobiles is one type of permalinks.  It is not possible that two post or pages share same permalinks. Plain:http://example.com/wordpress/?p=123 Day and name:http://example.com/wordpress/2017/05/12/sample-post/ Month and name:http://example.com/wordpress/2017/05/sample-post/ Numeric:http://example.com/wordpress/archives/123 Post name:http://example.com/wordpress/sample-post/ Updating Wordpress What are wordpress updates?  Update is new, improved or fixed software.  The update is a new version that replaces the old one. Why update? 1. Security:-The WordPress platform faces lots of bugs, vulnerabilities. Update fixes this bug and vulnerabilities. 2. New features and functionalities:-This is added to each newly released version. 3. Speed:-Each new version provides better speed. 4. Compatibility with modern tools and technology:-Some modern plugins require you to be on the newest version of the WordPress core in order to use them. There are two types of updates available 1. Automatic update 2. Manual update Automatic update DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 31  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  This feature was added in WordPress 3.7.  It is available in Dashboard -> Updates Screen  Click on Update Now button.  Now, nothing to do. Once it„s finished, WordPress will be up-to-date.  During the upgrade (updating), we will not able to install plugins or theme.  Once the update is over, you will be redirected to the WordPress welcome screen.  If one-click update doesn„t work, the only option to update WordPress is manual update. Automatic update Manual update:-  Deactivate all the plugin of website.  We will need to download the latest version of wordpress.  Our browser will download a zip file. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 32  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  We need to extract the zip file. Inside we will see a wordpress folder.  Go to wordpressfolder, delete all the file excepts wp-contents and wp- config.php  Copy all the file and folder from newly downloaded wordpress to existing wordpress folder except wp-content.  Enable plugin.  Open localhost/wordpress, we will see our wordpress is up to date. Note:-Before updating we need to follow below steps 1. Your wordpress database 2. All our images and media uploads 3. Our wordpress plugins and themes 4. core wordpress files Database Struscture What is wordpress database?  Everything on your WordPress website, be it posts, custom post type, pages, comments, and even settings are stored in a database  There are 12 tables by default on a new WordPress website.  Every table can store only specific data. Those table are: 1.wp_users 2. wp_usersmeta 3. wp_comments 4. wp_commentmets 5. wp_terms 6.wp_term_taxonomy 7. wp_term_relationship 8. wp_term_meta 9. wp_options DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 33  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 10. wp_links 11. wp_posts 12. wp_postmeta 1. wp_users:-  List of users who has an account in wordpress is maintained within this table.  It saves information like username, password, email id, displayname, time of registration etc. 2. wp_usermeta:-  Contain meta(extra) information about user like nick name, first name, Last name, description. 3. wp_comments:-  It stores the comments on your posts and pages.  Specific data about the author like the author‟s name, email address is also saved in this table. 4. wp_commentmeta:-  This table is essentially the same as for all of the other "meta" tables in the WordPress architecture.  It stores optional information about comments. Ex:-Comment rating information is stored in wp_commentmeta 5. wp_terms:-  This table stores category and tag we have created for the post.  Category and tag are the terms.  The wp_terms table shares a relationship with wp_term_taxonomy and wp_term_relationships table. 6. wp_term_taxonomy:-  This table has the data that helps wordpress to differentiate between which term is a category, which is tag etc. 7. wp_term_relationships:- DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 34  CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  Stores the relationship among categories and posts. 8. wp_termmeta:-  Stores the meta information about category and tag. 9. wp_options:-  This table stores site url, admin email, tagline, posts per page, time format.  This table is used by plugin to store plugin information.  All the options that you set in Settings in your Dashboard are stored in this table. 10.wp_links:-  This table stores the custom links added to our site.  User Wordpress link manager plugin is used to add link.  This stores the name, URL, and description of all links you added 11.wp-posts:-  This table stores all the data related to post and pages.  Post and pages are differentiating by column post_type in this table. 12.wp_postmeta:-  It contains meta data about post. Some plugins store the data within this table. DEVELOPED BY RAJ SIR Page 35