Algae Classification PDF

Based on the following criteria: 1) Pigments 2) Reserve food products Division 3) Flagellation Cyanophyta 4) Cell wall Chlorophyta 5) Cell structure Eu...

Based on the following criteria: 1) Pigments 2) Reserve food products Division 3) Flagellation Cyanophyta 4) Cell wall Chlorophyta 5) Cell structure Euglenophyta Xanthophyta Algae are classified into the following divisions Chrysophyta Phaeophyta Rhodophyta  Cyanophyta = Blue green algae = ‫الطحالب اخلضراء املزرقة‬ = Cyanobacteria  Cyanophyta 1. General Characters of Cyanophyta 2. Habitats or Occurrence 3. Morphological Forms 4. Cell Structure 5. Reproduction 6. Classification 7. Example Organisms Habitat-Morphology-Cell structure-Reproduction  ‫‪General Characters of Cyanophyta‬‬ ‫الجدار‬ ‫األصباغ‬ ‫المادة الغذائية‬ ‫قسم‬ ‫األسواط‬ ‫المدخرة‬ ‫الخلوي‬ ‫الموجودة‬ ‫الطحالب‬ ‫ميورانين ‪ +‬ميكوببتيد‬ ‫الخضراء‬ ‫ال توجد‬ ‫( خليط من السكريات و‬ ‫الكلوروفيل أ ‪ +‬فيكوسيانين‬ ‫نشا سيانوفيثينى‬ ‫المزرقة‬ ‫األحماض األمينيه )‬ ‫‪Cyanophyta‬‬ ‫‪ 3-1‬أمامي‬ ‫ال يوجد‬ ‫كلوروفيل أ‪ ،‬ب‬ ‫باراميليوم‬ ‫اليوجلينية‬ ‫)‪ Pigments (chlorophyll a + c-Phycocyanin + c-Phycoerthrin‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬أمامي متساويين الطول‬ ‫ومتشابهين‬ ‫سيليلوز‬ ‫الكلوروفيل أ ‪ ،‬ب ‪ +‬كاروتين‬ ‫النشا‬ ‫الخضراء‬ ‫)‪ Reserve food cyanophycean (starch + granules‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬أمامي غير متساويين‬ ‫سيليلوز ‪ +‬سيليكا (‬ ‫كلوروفيل أ ‪ +‬زانثوفيل ‪+‬‬ ‫زيوت أو دهون و‬ ‫‪ Flagellation‬‬ ‫متشابهين‬ ‫الطول و غير‬ ‫‪(no‬‬ ‫‪) %95‬‬‫فيكوزانثين)‪flagellation‬‬ ‫ليكوزين‬ ‫العصوية‬ ‫‪ Cell wall (amino acids + sugars) Gram negative‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬أمامي غير متساويين‬ ‫‪Bacteria‬‬ ‫زيوت أو دهون و‬ ‫الطول و غير متشابهين‬ ‫سيليلوز ‪ +‬بكتين‬ ‫كلوروفيل أ ‪ +‬كاروتين‬ ‫ليكوزين‬ ‫الصفراء‬ ‫)‪ Cell structure (prokaryotic‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬جانبين غير متساوين‬ ‫سيليلوز ‪ +‬ألجين‬ ‫كلوروفيل أ ‪ +‬فيكوزانثين‬ ‫المينارين ومانيتول‬ ‫البنية‬  Cyanophyta Relationship with bacteria 1.No sexual reproduction 2.Division by fission 3.Prokaryotic cellular structure without definite nuclear membrane. 4.Nitrogen fixation by bacteria and some blue-green algae. 5.The chemical composition and ultrastructure of cell walls. Cyanophyta Relationship with Rhodophyta  Habitats fresh water, marine, Phytoplankton, water blooms  Morphological Forms Non-motile Unicellular Filametous Non-motile Colony Cell Structure Chlorophyll a Carotein Phycoyanin phycoerthrine Gas vacuole Gas-vacuoles Functions in Cyanophyta Oxygen stored in these vacuoles assist in respiration. gas-vacuoles act as light screens against intense light. gas-vacuoles in algae help in floatation.  Reproduction in Cyanophyta No sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction with: Cell Division Exospores Hormogones Endospores Akinets Hormospores Heterocysts Functions of heterocysts are : Heterocyst provides the site for nitrogen fixation. mechanical functions to provide suitable places for fragmentation. They are reproductive structures (spores) Heterocysts can be store houses of reserve food material. Heterocysts may be secreting substances which stimulate growth and cell division.  Unicellular Division Cyanophyta Filamentous or Colonial Order: Chroococcales Order: Nostocales Family: Chroococcaceae Chroococcus, Gloeocapsa, Microcystis, Merismopedia Family: Nostocaceae Nostoc, Anabaena Family: Rivulariaceae Family: Oscillatoriaceae Rivularia, Gloeotrichia Osillatoria, Spirulina  Order: Nostocales Family: Oscillatoriaceae Unbranched filaments without heteorcysts or akinets Family: Nostocaceae Unbranched filaments with intercalary heteorcysts or akinets Family: Rivulariaceae Unbranched filaments with basal heteorcysts and akinets  Kingdom: Monera Division: Cyanophyta Order: Chrococcales Family: Chrococcaceae Genus: Chrococcus Chrococcus Habitat: freshwater phytoplankton Morphology: non-motile unicellular and colonial form Reproduction: cell division  Kingdom: Monera Division: Cyanophyta Order: Chrococcales Family: Chrococcaceae Gloeocapsa Genus: Gloeocapsa Habitat: freshwater, attached on damp soil Morphology: non-motile unicellular and colonial form Reproduction: cell division  Kingdom: Monera Division: Cyanophyta Order: Chrococcales Family: Chrococcaceae Genus: Microcystis Microcystis Habitat: freshwater phytoplankton Morphology: non-motile colonial form irregular shape Reproduction: Fragmentation  Kingdom: Monera Division: Cyanophyta Order: Chrococcales Family: Chrococcaceae Genus: Merismopedia Habitat: freshwater phytoplankton Morphology: non-motile colonial lamellate form Merismopedia Reproduction: Fragmentation  Kingdom: Monera Division: Cyanophyta Order: Nostocales Family: Oscilatoriaceae Genus: Oscilatoria Habitat: stagnant water riche with high organic matter Morphology: unbranched filamentous form Reproduction: Fragmentation (Hormogonia)  Kingdom: Monera Division: Cyanophyta Order: Nostocales Family: Oscilatoriaceae Genus: Spirulina Spirolina Habitat: stagnant water + high alkalinity Morphology: unbranched spiral filamentous form Reproduction: Fragmentation (Hormogonia)  Kingdom: Monera Division: Cyanophyta Order: Nostocales Family: Nostocaceae Genus: Nostoc Habitat: Nostoc damp soil, Anabaena freshwater Morphology: unbranched filamentous form Reproduction: Fragmentation (Hormogonia), Akinet, Heterocyst Nostoc colony  Kingdom: Monera Division: Cyanophyta Order: Nostocales Family: Nostocaceae Genus: Anabaena` Nostoc Anabaena  Kingdom: Monera Division: Cyanophyta Order: Nostocales Family: Rivulariaceae Genus: Rivularia Gloeotrichia Habitat: Rivularia, Gloeotrichia attached to substratum in water Morphology: Tapering unbranched filamentous form Reproduction: Fragmentation (Hormogonia), Akinet, Heterocyst  ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬ Division: Euglenophyta Algae  Division: Euglenophyta General Characters Pigments (chlorophyll a + chlorophyll b ) Reserve food Paramylon bodies Flagellation (2 or several anterior flagella) Cell wall without Cell Wall Cell structure (Eukaryotic) Kingdom: Protesta Division: Euglenophyta Order: Euglenales Family: Euglenaceae Genus: Euglena Eye flagellum spot Cell division in Euglena is mitosis of the typical euglenoid type (Longitudinal) Kingdom: Protesta Eye Division: Euglenophyta spot Order: Euglenales Family: Euglenaceae Genus: Phacus Spine Eye spot