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# Magnetism and Electromagnetism Big Ideas Review The image is of a piece of paper with text. The text covers five main areas: 1. Describe What a Magnet is 2. Explain What Makes an Object Magnetic 3. Describe the Type of Force (Attractive or Repulsive) Between Two Types of Magnetic Poles 4. De...

# Magnetism and Electromagnetism Big Ideas Review The image is of a piece of paper with text. The text covers five main areas: 1. Describe What a Magnet is 2. Explain What Makes an Object Magnetic 3. Describe the Type of Force (Attractive or Repulsive) Between Two Types of Magnetic Poles 4. Describe the Pattern of Magnetic Field Lines 5. Describe How Magnetic Field Lines Show Relative Strength of a Magnetic Field ## 1. Describe What a Magnet Is A magnet is a material that generates a magnetic field, exhibiting the ability to exert forces on other magnetic materials, such as iron, nickel, and cobalt. Magnets possess north (N) and south (S) poles where magnetic forces are strongest, and they exhibit both attractive and repulsive interactions depending on the orientation of the poles. Magnets can be categorized into permanent magnets, which maintain their magnetism over time, and temporaries, which exhibit magnetic properties only when exposed to an external magnetic field. ## 2. Explain What Makes an Object Magnetic Magnetism in materials arises primarily from the motion of electrons, both in their orbital paths around atomic nuclei and through their intrinsic spin. In ferromagnetic materials, groups of atoms can align their magnetic moments (influenced by unpaired electron spins) in a uniform direction, leading to a net magnetic field. External factors such as temperature (with higher temperatures often leading to demagnetization), material composition, and the presence of impurities. ## 3. Describe the Type of Force (Attractive or Repulsive) Between Two Types of Magnetic Poles The interaction between magnetic poles is governed by the principle that like poles repel each other, while opposite poles attract. Specifically: * N & N (North and North): Repulsive force; these poles push away from each other. * S & S (South and South): Repulsive force; these poles also push away from each other. * N & S (North and South): Attractive force; these poles draw each other together. This behavior is fundamental to magnetism and is described by Coulomb’s law, which is similar to the law governing electric charges. ## 4. Describe the Pattern of Magnetic Field Lines Magnetic field lines provide a visual representation of the magnetic field surrounding a magnet. These lines emerge from the north pole, curve through space, and enter the south pole. The density of these lines indicates the strength of the magnetic field: * Attractive Interaction (N & S): Field lines are densely packed between the poles, showing a strong interaction. * Repulsive Interaction (N & N or S & S). The field lines do not connect between like poles, indicating a lack of attraction and a tendency to push apart. ## 5. Describe How Magnetic Field Lines Show Relative Strength of a Magnetic Field The density of magnetic field lines is a qualitative measure of the strength of the magnetic field. Closer lines indicate a stronger magnetic field, while further apart lines denote a weaker field. The direction of the lines denotes the field's orientation, guiding the understanding of force directions experienced by other magnetic materials or charges placed within the field.