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# 19.1c The Pericardium The pericardium is a double-walled membrane that encloses the heart. * It allows the heart to beat without friction and provides space for expansion while resisting excessive expansion. * It is anchored to the diaphragm inferiorly and the sternum anteriorly. ## Structu...

# 19.1c The Pericardium The pericardium is a double-walled membrane that encloses the heart. * It allows the heart to beat without friction and provides space for expansion while resisting excessive expansion. * It is anchored to the diaphragm inferiorly and the sternum anteriorly. ## Structure of the Pericardium: * **Fibrous pericardium:** The outermost layer, a tough, fibrous sac. * **Serous pericardium:** A 2-layered structure. * **Parietal layer:** Lines the fibrous pericardium. * **Visceral layer (epicardium):** Adheres to the heart's surface and is the outermost layer of the heart itself. * **Pericardial cavity:** The space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium. It is filled with 5 to 30 mL of pericardial fluid, which reduces friction. * **Pericarditis:** Inflammation of the pericardium; it can cause a friction rub.