pco.docx

For numbers 1-5, refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic. 1. The functional group attached to the acyl amino group is called a/an: A. Phenoxyethyl B. Isoxazoyl C. Imidazole D. Benzyl E. Methoxypheny 2. Halogen substituents are best placed in what position? A. 1,2-subst...

For numbers 1-5, refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic. 1. The functional group attached to the acyl amino group is called a/an: A. Phenoxyethyl B. Isoxazoyl C. Imidazole D. Benzyl E. Methoxypheny 2. Halogen substituents are best placed in what position? A. 1,2-substitution B. 1,3-substitution C. 1,4-substitution D. Both A and B E. Both A and C 3. This antibiotic is primarily indicated for what type of infection? A. Klebsiella B. Enterobacter C. Psudomonas D. Staphylococci E. Streptococi 4. Adding more than 1 chloride atoms in the structure confers what modification on the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug? A. Liberation B. Absorption C. Distribution D. Metabolism E. Excretion 5. What is the role of chloride atoms in the structure? A. Increase the susceptibility to penicillinase B. Increasing the plasma concentration C. Acid resistance property D. Increase in parenteral absorption E. Increase in oral absorption 6. Preservatives like parabens increase their preservative property by A. Reducing the parent compound B. Decreasing molecular weight C. Attaching a halogen to the parent compound D. Substituting the parent compound with a lipophilic group E. Increasing the molecular weight 7. Sodium pump is an example of 8. This is an approach in drug discovery wherein there is already an existing drug that can be used to identify a new lead compound? A. Random Screening B. Molecular Docking C. Parent compound modification D. Biotechnology techniques E. Rational Drug Design 9. Azeotropic distillation of benzene is done in what concentration of ethanol? A. 95% B. 70% C. 50% D. 99% E. 10% 10. Radical reactions may also proceed using this reagent A. Bromine water B. Hydrogen peroxide C. Nitric acid D. Sodium oxalate E. Potassium bitartrate For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction 11. What is the reagent needed for the first reaction? A. NaOH/ Oxidizing agent B. CH~3~ Cl/AlCl~3~ C. HNO~3~/H~2~SO~4~ D. NaOH/ Reducing agent E. CH~3~Br/NaNH~2~ 12. The product formed with the reaction is A. Benzyl alcohol B. Phenol C. Benzoic acid D. Xylene E. Anisole 13. The reagent needed for the reaction to proceed is A. CH~3~Br/NaNH~2~ B. NaOH/Reducing agent C. CH~3~COCl/AlCl~3~ D. HNO~3~/H~2~SO~4~ E. NaOH/ Oxidizing agent 14. The reagent needed for the reaction to proceed is A. NaOH/Oxidizing agent B. CH~3~Br/NaNH~2~/NO~2~ C. H~2~O/H~2~SO~4~ D. NaOH/Reducing agent E. NBS 15. When a carbonyl group reacts with a secondary amine, what will be the resulting product? A. Imine B. Amide C. Tertiary amine D. Enamine E. Secondary amine 16. The addition of hydrogen molecule to an alkene is catalyzed by what metal? A. Silver B. Palladium C. Berrylium D. Gallium E. Osmium 17. Methoxybenzene is also known as \_\_\_\_\_ A. Anisole B. Toluene C. Aniline D. Xylene E. Anethole 18. Which of the following compounds can be use to synthesize primary alcohol? A. Propane B. Formaldehyde C. 3-chloropentane D. Acetone E. Ethanamine 19. Which of the following cephalosporin is excreted in bile? A. Cefixime B. Cefotaxime C. Ceftriaxone D. Moxalactam E. Loracarbef 20. What is the product of aromatic hydroxylation of this drug? 21. Preservatives use for molds A. Ethylparaben B. Methylparaben C. Butylparaben D. Propylparaben E. Isopropylparaben 22. Which is true about drug absorption? I. For weakly acidic drug, it must e in its unionized form II. For weakly acidic drug, it must be in its ionized form III. For weakly basic drug, it must be in its unionized form IV. For weakly basic drug, it must be in its ionized form A. I, II, III B. I and III C. II and IV D. III and IV E. I and III 23. This anti-convulsant compound is susceptible to what metabolic pathway? A. Aromatic hydroxylation B. Methylation C. Sulfate conjugation D. Oxidative deamination E. GSH conjugation For numbers 24-26, refer to the general structure of penicillin 24. Which of the following will confer resistance against beta lactamases when synthesizing analogs of penicillin? A. Halogens B. Ring deactivators C. Electron withdrawing group D. Bulky group E. Ring activators 25. What functional group is being modified if formulation into a salt is needed? A. Amide B. Carboxylic acid C. Carbonyl D. Alkyl E. 225g 26. What is the functional group attached to the beta lactam ring? A. Aryl amide B. Acyl amide C. Polyamide D. Carboxyamide E. Phenylamide 27. Which of the following is true on ideal antiseptic? I. Low toxicity II. Sustained and rapid lethal action against microorganisms III. High surface tension IV. Non-irritating and non-allergenic A. I, II, IV B. III only C. I, II, III, IV D. II and III E. III and IV 28. Aztreonam can elevate this enzyme A. Creatinine kinase B. Pyruvate kinase C. Alanine aminotransferase D. Creatinine phosphokinase E. Thrombin For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent 29. The functional group in the box is an additional chemical entity of this drug that makes it a prodrug, what is the probable reason of adding that moiety to the parent compound? A. Increase in absorption B. Increase in palatability C. Decrease in Protein binding D. Increase in solubility E. Decrease in absorption 30. The main functional group of this prodrug is a/an A. Amide B. Nitro C. Alcohol D. Ester E. Acyl halide 31. When the drug will undergo metabolism, which of the following enzymes will act on it? A. Ligases B. Hydrolases C. Transferases D. Isomerases E. Lyases 32. When the drug is acted upon by different enzymes during its metabolism, what is/are the products? A. Alcohol B. Amide C. Carboxylic acid D. A and B E. B and C 33. This drug is an example of A. Cell wall synthesis inhibitor B. Cell membrane disruptor C. Protein synthesis inhibitor D. Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor E. Alkylating agent 34. The compound use to identify the partition coefficient in-vitro A. Tert-butyl alcohol B. Phenol C. Isopentyl alcohol D. N-octanol E. Benzyl alcohol 35. Isoniazid is metabolized by humans principally by A. Aceylation B. Deamination C. Methylation D. Conjugation E. Oxidation 36. The total affinity of the ligand to its receptor A. Intrinsic activity B. Agonistic activity C. Avidity D. Antagonistic activity E. Agonistic affinity 37. Dimethylbenzene is also known as A. Anisole B. Aniline C. Xylene D. Phenol E. Ethylene For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below 38. The type of bond that exists in the structure A. Amide bond B. Ether bond C. Tert-amine bond D. Ester bond E. Glycosidic bond 39. This compound may produce the following effects, except A. Vasoconstriction B. Bradycardia C. Metallic taste D. CNS depression E. Sodium channel blockage 40. The compound is an example of what class of drugs? A. Anesthetic B. Barbiturate C. Sedatives D. Analgesic E. Anxiolytics 41. The absorption of this compound is governed by what equation? A. Noyes-Whitney equation B. Fick's Law of Diffusion C. Beer''s Law D. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation E. None of the above 42. This compound is derived from the destructive distillation of castor oil and it is use as a keratolytic agent A. Salicylic acid B. Undecylanic acid C. Benzoic acid D. Chrysarobin E. Propionic acid 43. The following are example of G protein coupled receptors, except A. GABA receptors B. Beta-2 receptors C. Muscarinic receptors D. Alpha -1 receptors E. Beta -1 receptors 44. DNA Alkylating agent binds to its target by means of what bond? A. Hydrogen bonding B. Electrostatic bonding C. Hydrophobic bonding D. Ionic bonding E. Covalent bonding 45. In the presence of a full agonist, a partial agonist becomes A. Agonist B. Antagonist C. Partial agonist D. Inverse agonist E. No effect 46. A long-acting HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor A. Rosuvastatin B. Lovastatin C. Fluvastatin D. Simvastatin E. Pravastatin 47. This is the most important CYP 450 isozyme that is responsible for the metabolism of almost 50% of the drugs available in the market A. CYP 2D6 B. CYP 3A4 C. CYP 2A9 D. CYP 1A2 E. CYP 2D10 48. A theory that advances the idea that maximum pharmacologic effect can be obtained if all the receptors are occupied A. Hypothesis of Paton B. Lock and Key Theory C. Hypothesis of Clark D. Induced fit theory E. Hypothesis of Ariens & Stephenson 49. The anti-angina effect of nitrates is primarily due to the release of what gas? A. Nitrous oxide B. Dinitrogen oxide C. Nitrogen dioxide D. Nitric oxide E. Dinitrogen dioxide 50. Diuretic that acts on the distal convulated tubule A. Indapamide B. Furosemide C. Ethacrinic acid D. Acetazolamide E. Spironolactone 51. What is 1,4- dihydroxybenzene? A. Catechol B. Phenol C. Xylene D. Hydroquinone E. Resorcinol 52. Halogenation of alkanes is possible in what type of reaction? A. Substitution B. Elimination C. Radical reactions D. Addition E. Combustion 53. Alkylation of aminobenzene will likely proceed to what position? A. Ortho position B. Meta position C. Para position D. Both A and B E. Both A and C 54. This is a derivative of two carboxylic acids, in which the compound is formed by the removal of one molecule of water in two RCOOH A. Ether B. Acid anhydride C. Amide D. Acyl halide E. Ester For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl® 55. The drug is a derivative of A. Catechol B. Phenol C. Xylene D. Hydroquinone E. Resorcinol 56. The compound is not affected by which enzyme during its metabolism? A. COMT B. MAO C. Carboxylases D. Both A and B E. Both A and C 57. The compound is a selective agonist of what receptor? A. Alpha 1 B. M1 C. Beta 1 D. Beta 2 E. N1 58. The compound is used to manage A. Hypertension B. Asthma C. Glaucoma D. Arrhythmia E. Hypotension 59. Benzene undergoes what type of reaction? A. Nucleophilic substitution B. Electrophilic addition C. Electrophilic substitution D. Radical reactions E. Nucleophilic addition 60. Which of the following carbocation intermediate is the most stable? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quarternary E. None of the above 61. Regioselectivity of an organic reaction in which the orientation of the substituents stabilizes the product is governed by A. Le Chatelier's Principle B. Markovnikov's Rule C. Heck Reaction D. Hund's Rule E. Pauli's Principle 62. An enol is not a stable compound because it undergoes A. Electrophilic attack B. Hydrophobic attack C. Hydrophilic attack D. Hydrogen shift E. Tautomerization For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug 63. The affinity of the drug to the receptor exerts an anxiolytic and hypnotic effects A. Glutamate B. Histamine C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid D. Glycine E. Dopamine 64. The binding affinity of the compound to its receptor is highly influenced by\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in its structure 65. Increase the concentration of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ions in the cell makes this drug a sedative - hypnotic. 66. An essential moiety for this compound to exert its sedative hypnotic effect 67. The acetylation of morphine yields 68. Primidone is a prodrug that is converted into 69. The structure of Zovirax is an analog of 70. What is the difference of the structure of Zovirax to the conventional Nucleic acid base? 71. The structure of Zovirax® competitively inhibits what enzyme? 72. Zovirax® is effective against the strain of 73. In phenols, substitution at \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ position increases bactericidal activity 74. C~3~H~6~O can be a/an 75. Zero order drug metabolism 76. Carbamazepine undergoes what Phase I metabolism reaction? 77. Thiopental is being converted into pentobarbital upon metabolism by what pathway? 78. Which of the following is true about penciclovir? 79. The first type of drugs for HIV to be available 80. Which of the following HIV drugs is also used for Hepatitis B infection? 81. Metabolic disorder is commonly seen in what type of HIV drugs? 82. Acylation of the Ring II of aminoglycosides produces \_\_\_\_\_\_ 83. Coordination of what metal in tetracycline structure increases its activity? 85. Which if the following cephalosporins can cross the blood brain barrier? 86. This agent is used to chelate copper in which an excess amount causes Wilson\'s disease 87. This class of penicillin contains a benzyl moiety that is responsible for its acid labile property 88. In the Freidles Craft Alkylation of Aromatic rings, what catalyst is needed for the reaction to proceed? 89. Sulfonamides are synthetic analogs of: 91. This drug may likely bind to what protein? 92. What is the IUPAC name of the drug? 93. This drug may likely affects what neurotransmitter? 94. This drug affects what type of ion gated channel? 95. This drug is a powerful \_\_\_\_\_ 96. Insulin Receptors are classified as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 166\. It is the strain put on a molecule when atoms A. Angular Strain B. Torsional Srain C. Equatorial Strain D. Steric Strain E. Axial Strain 167\. An aliphatic phenothiazine derivative A. Chlorpromazine B. Fluphenazine C. Perphenazine D. Thioridazine E. Thiothixene A. Hepatotoxicity B. Cardiotoxicity C. Neurotoxicity D. Nephrotoxicity E. Dermal toxicity A. Hypothesis of Paton B. Lock and Key theory C. Hypothesis of Clark D. Induced fit theory E. Hypothesis of Ariens & Stephenson A. Sulindac B. Rofecoxib C. Tolmetin D. Piroxicam E. Phenylbutazone A. Anisole B. Toluene C. Aniline D. Xylene E. Anethole A. sp B. Tetrahedral C. sp^2^ D. Octagonal E. sp^3^ A. Le Chatelier's Principle B. Markovnikov's rule C. Heck Reaction D. Hund's Rule E. Pauli's Principle A. Methoxypropane B. N-Propanol C. Isopropyl alcohol D. Propylene E. Propanoic acid 181\. Chlorocresol is primarily used as A.) Preservative B.) Alkylating agent C.) Astringent D.) Sterilant E.) Fungicidal 182\. In the structure of cephalosporins, the beta lactam ring should have the \_\_\_\_ configuration that is essential for its activity A.) Trans B.) E C.) Levo D.) Dextro E.) Cis 183\. Which of the following characteristics of the bicyclic ring system of penicillins is true? A.) Strain is essential for greater activity B.) Substitution of an alkyl group to the Hydrogen moiety in the beta lactam ring confers Greater efficacy C.) The trans streochemistry in the beta lactam Ring ring confers greater efficacy D.) Activity increases when the carboxylic acid Group is modified into an ester E.) Sulfur is an essential atom in the bicycling Ring system 184\. Which of the following is true for hydrogen peroxide A.) Active against aerobic microorganism B.) Good only as topical agent C.) Inactive for anaerobic microorganism D.) Superior tissue penetrability E.) Use as a preservative for heat sensitive chemicals 185\. Which of the following exerts their action by distortion of cells and eventually causing lysis? A.) Benzalkonium chloride B.) Phenol C.) Iodine D.) Cresol E.) Alcohol 186\. Organism used as standard for the efficacy of phenol and its derivatives A.) Streptococcus agalactiae B.) Staphylococcus aureus C.) Salmonella typhi D.) Hemophilus influenzae E.) Klebsiella pneumonia 187\. Used to treat diaper rash in infants caused by Candida albbicans A.) Methylbenzethonium chloride B.) Thimerosal C.) Ethylene oxide D.) Chlorhexedine E.) Methylene blue 188\. Which of the following is used as a keratolytic agent? A.) Thymol B.) Resorcinol C.) Eugenol D.) Chlorocresol E.)Hexachlorphene 189.) Which of the following is the salt of Penicillin G? A.) Potassium B.) Calcium C.) Sodium D.) All of these E.) None of these 190\. Saponification is the alkali hydrolysis of A.) R-O-R B.)R-COOR C.) R-COOH D.) R-OH E.) Ar-OH 191\. Aminobenzene is also known as A.) Anisole B.) Toluene C.) Aniline D.) Xylene E.) Anethole 192\. This is a derivative of two carboxylic acids, in which the compound is formed by the removal of one molecule of water in two RCOOH A.) Acyl halide B.) Esters C.) Alkyl halide D.) Acid anhydride E.) Ethers 193\. Saquinavir belongs to what group of HIV drugs? A.) Nucleosides Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor B.) Protease Inhibitor C.) RNA synthesis inhibitor D.)Fusion inhibitor E.) Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor 194\. Dehydration of secondary alcohols yield A.) Alkyne B.) Alkane C.) Ketone D.) Akene E.) Alkyl halide 195\. Thimerosal is a preservative that contains A.) Hg B.) Fe C.) Co D.) Ni E.) Cu 196\. Imidazole nucleus is primarily found in what type of anti-infective agents? A.) Antiseptics B.) Antiviral C.) Disinfectants D.) Antimycobacterials E.) Antifungal 197\. The receptor of steroidal hormones are primarily found in the\_\_\_\_. A.) Cell membrane B.) Nucleus C.) Ribosomes D.) Cytoplasm E.) Cell wall 198\. DNA alkylating agents binds to its target by means of what bond? A.) Hydrophobic B.) Ionic C.) Covalent D.) Electrostatic E.) Hydrogen 199\. Theobromine is also known as A.) 5, 7 --Dimethylxanthine B.) 1, 7 - Dimethylxanthine C.) 3, 7- Dimethylxanthine D.) 1, 3 -- Dimethylxanthine E.) 2, 7- Dimethylxanthine 200\. The following are the effects of protein binding, except A.) Prevent rapid excretion of the drug B.) Limits the amount available for the metabolism C.) Decreases free drug molecules D.) Decreases half-life of drugs E.) None of the above 201\. This agent is used to chelate copper in which an excess amount causes Wilsson's disease A.) Deferoxamine B.) EDTA C.) Penicillamine D.)BAL E.)Dimercaprol 202\. A paraben used to preserve the drug from molds A.) Mehylparaben B.) Ethylparaben C.) Propylparaben D.) Butylparaben E.) N-butylparaben 203\. Reduction of Aldehydes yield A.) Carboxylic acid B.) Primary alcohols C.) Ethers D.) Ketones E.) Secondary alcohols 204\. Alkenes have a general formula of A.) CnH2n+1 B.) CnH2n+2 C.) CnH2n D.) CnHn E.) CnH2n-2 205\. In the presence of a full agonists, a partial agonist becomes \_\_\_\_\_ A.) Remained as partial agonist B.) Antagonist C.) Both agonist and antagonist D.) Inverse agonist E.) Full agonist 206\. These are substances that donate an electron pair A.) Lewis acid B.) Bronsted base C.) Lewis base D.) Arrhenius base E.) Bronsted acid 207\. The following agents are used to treat hyperacidity and GI ulceration, except A.) Cytotek B.) Ranitidine C.) Omeprazole D.) Aripiprazole E.) Maalox 208\. The amino acid precursor of serotonin A.) Threonine B.) Arginine C.) Tyrosine D.) Tryptophan E.) Histidine 209\. Dynacin® binds to the \_\_\_\_\_ ribsomal subunit A.) 20s B.) 30s C.) 60s D.) 40s E.) 50s For numbers 210-212, Refer to the structure of Tagamet® 210\. The heterocyclic ring in its structure is A.) Indole B.) Furan C.) Pyran D.)Pyridine E.) Imidazole 211\. This drug has a weak antiandrogenic effect, therefore, one of its adverse effects is : A.) Gynecomastia B.) Hirsutism C.) Adrenaline crisis D.) Flushing E.) Cushing syndrome 212\. This drug antagonize what receptor? A.) Alpha 1 B.) Dopamine C.) Muscarinic 3 D.) Histamine 1 E.) Beta 1 213\. The following molecules readily penetrate a variety of cells and tissues, Except A.) Hydrophobic B.) Non - ionized C.) Hydrophilic D.) Lipid soluble E.) Non polar 214\. Active site directed irreversible inhibition is exhibited in what type of bond A.) Electrostatic B.) Van der Waals C.) Hydrogen bonding D.) Ionic E.) Covalent For numbers 215-217, Refer to the structure of Aldomet® 215\. This drug is an analog of what neurotransmitter? A.) Norepinephrine B.) Serotonin C.) Glutamate D.) GABA E.) Histamine 216\. This drug exerts effect as a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A.) Hydroxylase inhibitor B.) Decarboxylase inhibitor C.) Transferase inhibitor D.) Carboxylase inhibitor E.) Protease inhibitor 217\. This is primarily indicated for \_\_\_\_\_\_ A.) Cardiac failure B.) Hypertension C.) Muscle pain D.) Aldosteronism E.) Cushing syndrome 218\. A lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor A.) Montelukast B.) Zileuton C.) Cromolyn D.) Zafirlukast E.) Nedocromyl For numbers 219-222, Refer to the structure of Luminal® 219\. The compound may likely increase the concentration of \_\_\_\_\_\_ in the cell A.) Sodium B.) Calcium C.) Magnesium D.) Potassium E.) Chloride 220\. The compound has an affinity to what receptor? A.) Glutamate B.) Serotonin C.) GABA D.) Glycine E.) Histamine 221\. The compound is used to treat what condition? A.) Asthma B.) Fungal infection C.) Depression D.) Convulsion E.) Hypertension 222\. This compound resembles a/an A.) Benzodiazepine B.) Imidazole C.) Barbiturates D.) Indole E.) Pyrrole 223\. Gq receptors stimulates\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that leads to increase in the intracellular calcium level A.) Phospholipase B.) Lipoxygenase C.) DOPA Decarboxylase D.) Carboxylase E.) Cyclooxygenase 224\. Cholestyramine confers what type of antagonism? A.) Pharmacodynamic B.) Chemical C.) Physical D.) Pharmacokinetic E.) Physiological 225\. Dehydrated alcohol is prepared by the azeotropic distillation using what solvent? A.) Toluene B.) Pyridine C.) Chloroform D.) Benzene E.) Hexane 226\. Which of the following is the most effective? A.) Tert-butyl alcohol B.) N-decanol C.) 3-hexanol D.) Ethanol E.) 4-pentanol 227\. Used in combination with camphor in liquid petrolatum A.) P-Chlorophenol B.) Eugenol C.) Chlorhexidine D.) Cresol E.) Thymol 228\. Which of the following substituents increase the activity of phenol? A.) Chlorine B.) Sulfur C.) Phosphorus D.) Oxygen E.) Nitrogen 229\. It induces cell proliferation (epithelial) leading to sloughing and repair A.) Carbamide peroxide B.) Hexylresorcinol C.) Cetylpyridium chloride D.)Chlorhexidine E.) Benzoyl peroxide 230\. Which of the following dyes is used as vaginal suppository? A.) Methylene blue B.) Malachite green C.) Gentian violet D.) Carbolfuchsin E.) Bromocresol 231\. Which of the following penicillin is prone to renal tubular secretion? A.) Methicillin B.) Pen G C.) Carbenicillin D.) Cloxacillin E.) Ampicillin 232\. The structure contains the salt of what amino acid? A.) Alanine B.) Valine C.) Lysine D.) Isoleucine E.) Arginine 233\. The first type of drug released to treat HIV infection A.) Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor B.) Protease Inhibitor C.) RNA synthesis inhibitor D.) Fusion Inhibitor E.) Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor 234\. The ability of a substance to exist in different crystalline form A.) Isomerism B.) Lattice C.) Crystallization D.) Polymorphism E.) Ampotherism 235\. The first step that determines the onset of action, rate of absorption and bioavailability A.) Liberation B.) Metabolism C.) Elimination D.) Absorption E.) Distribution 236\. Nevirapine is known to cause \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for HIV patients with low CD4 count A.) Renal failure B.) Rash C.) Mouth sore D.) Vertigo E.) Cardiomegaly 237\. Insulin preparation that is made of 70% crystalline and 30% amorphous form A.) Humalin B.) Insulin NPH C.) Short acting insulin D.) Insulin glargine E.) Insulin Lispro 238\. Type of antagonism that forms a chelate/ complex A.) Physical B.) Pharmacokinetic C.) Physiological D.) Chemical E.) Pharmacodynamic 239\. Secondary messenger produced when adenyl cyclase is activated A.) IP3 B.) DAG C.) cAMP D.) Both A and B E.) Both B and C For numbers 240-241, Refer to the reaction : 240\. The metabolic pathway is an example of A.) Reductive elimination B.) Oxidative deamination C.) Reductive deamination D.) Hydrolysis E.) Oxidative dealkylation 241\. This pathway is true for what kind of compounds? A.) Endogenous radicals B.) Endogenous amides C.) Endogenous amino acids D.) Endogenous amines E.) None of these 242\. Which of the following is/are true regarding the phase I drug metabolism? I. Also known as conjugation reaction II\. Includes oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis III\. Generally tends to provide a functional group or \"handle\" to the molecule A.) I only B.) I, II, III C.) II only D.) II and III E.) I and III 243\. Biogenic amines are inactivated primarily by A.) Oxidation B.) Methylation C.) GSH conjugation D.) Sulfate conjugation E.) Reduction 244\. Which of fhe following is /are true regarding phase II drug metabolism? I. Allows the attachment of small, polar and ionizable endogenous compounds II\. Allows the termination or attenuated of a biologic activity III\. Serves to protect the body against chemically reactive compounds or metabolites A.) II and III B.) I, II, III C.) I only D.) I and II E.) III only 245\. Which of the following can be used to synthesize methyl orange? A.) Methyl alcohol B.) Toluene C.) Benzyl chloride D.) Sulfanilic acid E.) Ammonium nitrite 246\. Which of the following compounds is considered as a chromophore? A.) Nitro B.) Butyl C.) R-O-R D.) R-OH E.) Cyclohexane 247\. Which of the following catalyst is required for the synthesis of an ester A.) HBr B.) CH~3~Cl C.) NH~4~NO~3~ D.) H~2~SO~4~ E.) CCl~4~ 248\. Which of the following form is the stable? A.) Tertiary carbocation B.) Primary carbanion C.) Primary carbocation D.) Methyl radical E.) Secondary carbocation 249\. Which of the following reagents can be used to solubilize phenol in water? A.) HCl B.) NaOH C.) CH~2~Cl~2~ D.) HBr E.) NH~2~CONH~2~ 250\. Ethanol is identified by this reagent in its confirmatory test A.) Ammonium cyanide B.) Phosphomolybdic acid C.) Aluminum chloride D.) Potassium perchlorate E.) Sodium nitroprusside 251\. Violet color result with ferric chloride is commonly observed in A.) Aspirin B.) Phenol C.) Propylamide D.) Benzene E.) Acetic acid 252\. Benzoic acid can be obtained from toluene by means of what process? A.) Reduction B.) Substitution C.) Oxidation D.) Elimination E.) Conjugation 253\. Which of the following compounds inhibits squalene oxidase? A.) Tolnaftate B.) Undecylanic acid C.) Natamycin D.) Ketoconazole E.) Benzoic acid 254\. Inhibition of the production of folic acid is the mechanism of action of A.) Griseofulvin B.) Sulfamethoxazole C.) Norfloxacin D.) Nystatin E.) Nalidixic acid 255\. Polyene antifungals bind to \_\_\_\_\_\_ to promote ion leakage resulting to fungal death A.) Microtubules B.) DNA C.) Cell wall D.) Ribosomes E.) Ergosterol 256\. The second synthetic analog of Benzylpenicillin A.) Phenoxymethylpenicillin B.) Methicillin C.) Oxacillin D.) Ampicillin E.) Cloxacillin 257\. The subtype of the CYP 450 enzyme system responsible for genetic polymorphism A.) CYP 1A2 B\) CYP 2A9 C.)CYP 2D6 D.) CYP 1A9 E.)CYP 3A4 258\. The spectrum of activity of penicillin is governed by what functional group? A.) Beta lactam ring B.) Carbonyl group C.) Acyl amine group D.) Carboxylic acid group E.) Thiazolidine ring For numbers 259-263, Refer to the structure of this beta lactam antibiotic : 259\. The functional group attached to the acyl amino group is called a/an A.) Benzyl B.) Isoxazoyl C.) Phenoxymethyl D.) Phenyl E.) Methoxyphenyl 260\. What is the role of chloride atoms in the structure? A.) Increase the susceptibility to penicillinase B.) Increase the plasma concentration C.) Increase in parenteral absorption D.) Acid resistance property E.) Increase spectrum of activity 261\. Halogen substituents are best placed in what position? A.) Ortho B.) Meta C.) Para D.) All of the above E.) None of the above 262\. Adding more than 1 chloride atom in the structure confers what modification on the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug? A.) Liberation B.) Absorption C.) Excretion D.) Distribution E.) Metabolism 263\. This antibiotic is primarily indicated for what type of infection? A.) Enterobacter B.) Streptococci C.) Pseudomonas D.) Klebaiella E.) Staphylococci 264\. Functional group of the beta - lactam ring A.) Ether B.) Ketone C.) Amide D.) Amine E.) Carbonyl For numbers 265-269, Refer to the structure of a phenol derivative compound 265\. This compound is insoluble in what medium? A.) Water B.) Alcohol C.) Ether D.) Carbon tetrachloride E.) Benzene 266\. This compound is active against \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ organism A.) Gram positive B.) Acid fast C.) Aerobic D.) Facultative anaerobe E.) Gram negative 267\. This compound has a greater potency of action due to the presence of what group? A.) Alkyl B.) Halogen C.) Phenolic D.) Biphenyl E.) Hydroxyl 268\. This preparation is to be delivered in what route? A.) Intramuscular B.) Intradermal C.) Topical D.) Subcutaneous E.) Intravenous 269\. The compound is commonly known as A.) Hexetidine B.) Hexachlorophene C.) Chlorocresol D.) Chlorhexidine E.) Chlorophenol 270\. Second generation cephalosporin that can cross the blood brain barrier A.) Cefamandole B.) Cefprozil C.) Cefuroxime D.) Cefaclor E.) Loracarbef 271\. Compounds that will kill or inhibit the growth of, in a living tissue A.) Disinfectant B.) Antibiotic C.) Antiseptic D.) Preservativs E.) Sterilant 272\. It is the characteristics of a substance that gives its ability to spread into wounds. A.) High viscosity B.) Low zeta potential C.) High partition coefficient D.) Low surface tension E.) High pH 273\. Tigemonam is primarily administered in what route? A.) IV B.) Subq C.) Topical D.) IM E.) PO 274\. Redman syndrome is seen in A.) Telavancin B.) Chloramphenicol C.) Imipenem D.) Teicoplanin E.) Vancomycin 275\. Preservative in BCG Vaccine A.) Nitromersol B.) Thimerosal C.) Benzalkonium chloride D.) Methylparaben E.) Sodium benzoate 276\. Metabolism of alcohol is a series of A.) Reduction B.) Methyl transfer C.) Glycine conjugation D.) GSH conjugation E.) Oxidation 277\. Dye used to treat the inflammation of the bladder A.) Methylene blue B.) Malachite green C.) Gentian violet D.) Carbolfuchsin E.) Bromocresol For numbers 278-281,Refer to the general structure of cephalosporin 278\. Which moiety in the structure binds to the PBP? A.) Amide group B.) Carboxy group C.) Dihydrothiazine group D.) Carbonyl group E.) Acyl amino 279\. The R3 substituent confers the following properties, except A.) Salt form B.) Drug interaction C.) Protein binding D.) Chemical stability E.) Pharmacological property 280\. The R7 substituent is importantin \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A.) Spectrum of activity B.) Classification of generation C.) Synthesis of a newer version D.) All of these E.) None of these 281\. Substitution of a bulky group in the X substituent confers A.) Acid labile property B.) Increase in metabolism C.) Decrease in GFR D.) Increase in gram negative activity E.) Decrease in protein binding 282\. Aztreonam can elevate this enzyme A.) Creatinine kinase B.) Alanine aminotransferase C.) Beta amylase D.) Angiotensin I E.) Pyruvate kinase 283\. This group attached to the naphthalene group of nafcillin confers beta lactamase resistance A.) Dichlorobenzene B.) Ethoxy C.) Benzyl D.) Isoxazoyl E.) Phenyl 284\. Acylation of the amino group in the second ring of aminoglycosides produces \_\_\_\_\_\_ A.) Kanamycin B.) Streptomycin C.) Neomycin D.) Gentamicin E.) Amikacin 285\. This is the target site of HIV A.) CD8 B.) CCR5 C.) CD4 D.) CD32 E.) CD28 286\. Antitubercular drug that is in combination with pyridoxine A.) Isoniazid B.) Ethambutol C.) Rifampicin D.) Pyrazinamide E.) Streptomycin 287\. The chances of methemoglobinemia and haemolytic anemia are higher when administering : I. Acetaminophen II\. Phenacetin III\. Acetanilide A.) I only B.) I and II only C.) II and III only D.) I, II and III E.) III only 288\. This agent is the least active among all fluoroquinolones A.) Norfloxacin B.) Levofloxacin C.) Ofloxacin D.) Ciprofloxacin E.) Gatifloxacin 289\. Inhibits the enzyme which is responsible for the assembly of matured viral particles A.) Didanosine B.) Zidovudine C.) Indinavir D.) Abacavir E.) Lamivudine 290\. This antifungal drug is derived from [Ricinus communis] A.) Undecylenic acid B.) Ricinoleic acid C.) Salicylic acid D.) Ricin E.) Propionic acid 291\. Which of the following is unstable in acidic condition? A.) Ampicillin B.) Methicillin C.) Phenoxymethylpenicillin D.) Nafcillin E.) Carbenicillin 292\. Carbamazepine undergoes what metabolic pathway? A.) Aromatic hydroxylation B.) Olefinic oxidation C.) Reductive elimination D.) Oxidative N-dealkylation E.) Desulfuration 293\. To Prepare beta-lactamase resistant penicillin, one should use A.) The aromatic ring that is directly attached to the side-chain carbonyl and both ortho positions should be substituted by methoxy groups. B.) The aromatic ring that is directly attached to the side - chain carbonyl and ortho and para positions should be substituted by methoxy groups. C.) The aromatic ring that is directly attached to the side - chain carbonyl and meta and para positions should be substituted by methoxy groups. D.) A methylene between the aromatic ring and carbonyl group of side chain E.) None of the above 294\. Triethylenephosphoramide is an active metabolite of A.) Procarbazine B.) Camustine C.) Thiotepa D.) Ifosfamide E.) None of the above 295\. Which of the following preparations contains 2% iodine in sodium iodide? A.) Iodine solution B.) Lugol\'s solution C.) Povidone-iodine D.) Iodine tincture E.) None of the above 296\. Which of the following belongs to the class of echinocandins? A.) Caspofungin B.) Griseofulvin C.) Naftiline D.) Ampothericin B E.) Nystatin 297\. Concentration of dehydrated alcohol A.) 95% B.) 49% C.) 99% D.) 70% E.) 10% 298\. An acy ureidopenicillin A.) Piperacillin B.) Carbenicillin C.) Methicillin D.) Ticarcillin E.) Cloxacillin 299\. Chemically known as 5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazoyl penicillin A.) Nafcillin B.) Ticarcillin C.) Oxacillin D.) Methicillin E.) Mezlocillin 300\. Synthesis of Orange II Dihydrate is possible via A.) Freidel-Crafts Acylation B.) Diazotization C.) Elimination D.) Electrophilic aromatic substitution E.) Nucleophilic addition