Study Guide PDF
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Uploaded by Deleted User
2025
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Summary
This study guide provides information on renal function, assessment, and interventions. It covers various aspects including GFR, BUN, creatinine, and relevant laboratory values. The guide also touches upon various causes of kidney issues and treatments.
Full Transcript
1/27/25, 7:48 PM OneNote Study Guide Monday, January 27, 2025 4:50 PM Renal GFR: 90 or above Less than 60 for 3 months= CKD Less than 15= kidney failure BUN: 10-20...
1/27/25, 7:48 PM OneNote Study Guide Monday, January 27, 2025 4:50 PM Renal GFR: 90 or above Less than 60 for 3 months= CKD Less than 15= kidney failure BUN: 10-20 Creatinine: 0.5-1.2 Greater than 4= serious impairment Greater than 2= "dead kidney" Creatinine clearance test: 24 hr urine 24 hr urine: Discard 1st void Collect all urine for the next 24 hrs Keep urine on ice/refrigerated Avoid vigorous exercise (raises creatinine levels) Collect last urine specimen as close to finish time as possible Document age, weight, heigh, current meds BUN to creatinine ratio: 10-20 BUN high but creatinine is normal? Dehydration…fixed with hydration (PO, IV fluids) Hypoalbuminemia: Normal: 3.5-5.5 Urine uric acid: 250-750 mg/24 hrs Assessment: Hydration status Mucus membranes, skin turgor Fluid I&O Muscle tone/strength Cardiac status Interventions: I&O, daily weights, skin Monitor cardiac & respiratory status/changes Monitor neuro Epoetin: Epogen, Procrit Kidneys don't work? Can't release erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production Given when HGB is less than 10 Assess RFT, I&O, monitor BP, may be mixed with NS and benzyl alcohol to reduce site injection pain ACE inhibitors: -pril Given for HTN (which can damage the kidneys), but also damages the kidneys Enhances effects of thiazide diuretics ARBs: -sartan Given for HTN (which can damage the kidneys), but also damages the kidneys Sodium: 135-145 AKI & CKD causes hyponatremia Dietary sources: cheese, seafood, table salt, processed foods, ketchup Potassium: 3.5-5 Hypokalemia Dietary sources: organ meats, bananas, avocados, spinach, salt substitutes Hyperkalemia: administer IV insulin, followed by D50, Kayexalate Calcium: 9-11 AKI/CKD affect vitamin D, which affects calcium absorption Dietary sources: milk, yogurt, cheese, figs, ice cream Take vitamin D with calcium supplements Metabolic acidosis: Caused by AKI/CKD due to inadequate bicarbonate production
