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# Ecology - Review for the Exam 1. **Write and explain the equation of:** a) Photosynthesis b) Respiration 2. **Which organisms perform photosynthesis and respiration?** Producers 3. **Explain the nitrogen cycle:** including nitrification, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria...

# Ecology - Review for the Exam 1. **Write and explain the equation of:** a) Photosynthesis b) Respiration 2. **Which organisms perform photosynthesis and respiration?** Producers 3. **Explain the nitrogen cycle:** including nitrification, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrogen fixation, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 4. **Explain how eutrophication, combustion, and deforestation affect the carbon or nitrogen cycle.** 5. **Define the following terms:** * Producer * Consumer (primary, secondary, tertiary) * Ecosystem * Herbivore * Carnivore * Omnivore * Apex predator * Prey * Predator * Carrying capacity * Food chain * Food web * Trophic level * Decomposer * Autotroph * Heterotroph * Biomagnification (e.g., DDT) * Population * Interspecific competition * Intraspecific competition * Biodiversity * Sustainability * Primary succession * Secondary succession 6. **Know:** * The 3 types of pyramids (number, mass, energy) and their characteristics. * How much energy is transferred at each level? * The source of all energy. 7. **Create a food chain that includes an eagle, a mouse, grass, and a snake. Specify the producer, herbivore, carnivore, and apex predator. Indicate their trophic levels.** 8. **Explain which trophic level in a food web will have the largest and smallest number of organisms. If a group of animals disappears, what will happen to the animals above and below them in the food web?** 9. **Draw a graph that demonstrates a population that increases rapidly, reaches its carrying capacity (label it), and then stabilizes in dynamic equilibrium.** 10. **Define and give examples of density-dependent and density-independent factors.**