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# The Crusades (1096-1204) This document discusses the Crusades, a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims. ## European Crusaders * During the 1000s, the Byzantine Empire was attacked by Muslim Turks, losing significant land in Asia Minor. * The Byzantine Emperor asked Pope Ur...

# The Crusades (1096-1204) This document discusses the Crusades, a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims. ## European Crusaders * During the 1000s, the Byzantine Empire was attacked by Muslim Turks, losing significant land in Asia Minor. * The Byzantine Emperor asked Pope Urban II for military aid. * In 1095, the Pope called for a crusade, urging European nobles to capture Jerusalem. * Thousands of European soldiers headed east on horseback and on foot. * In 1099, they successfully stormed Jerusalem. * Crusaders conquered several regions in the Holy Land, setting up four states controlled by Europe. ## Continued Conflicts * After Muslims retook Edessa, the Second Crusade began, which was a defeat for the Europeans. * In 1174, Muslims recaptured Jerusalem. * The Third Crusade was also unsuccessful. * The continuous crusades, from the 1200s, resulted in a failure for the Europeans. ## The Effects of the Crusades * Crusades brought Western Europeans into contact with Byzantines and Muslims, leading to new knowledge and trade. * Improvements in architecture, shipbuilding (better ships), navigation (compass to tell direction), and mapmaking were noted. * Western Europeans started to demand eastern goods, such as spices, sugar, lemons, and silk. * The Crusades weakened feudalism because the nobles sold their lands and freed their serfs to join the Crusades. * This reduced the power of nobles and allowed the Kings/monarchs to build stronger central governments. * The Crusades lasted over two hundred years, resulting in bitter feelings between Christian Western Europe and the Islamic world. **Image Details:** The image includes a map illustrating the geographical locations involved in the Crusades, including the movement of the Crusaders and the control of lands during the different periods of the crusades. A key is provided to distinguish between Christian and Muslim territories.