Beauty Standards Across Cultures PDF

The Physical Self: Cultural Concepts & Standards of Beauty, Face and Body  Objectives: ❑ Identify the different cultural conceptions & standards of beauty. ❑ Look at the importance of beauty, and how beauty is achieved.  Questions to Ponder: ❑ Is beauty in the eyes o...

The Physical Self: Cultural Concepts & Standards of Beauty, Face and Body  Objectives: ❑ Identify the different cultural conceptions & standards of beauty. ❑ Look at the importance of beauty, and how beauty is achieved.  Questions to Ponder: ❑ Is beauty in the eyes of the beholder? ❑ Do standards of beauty stem from culture, and thus are both historically and culturally dependent? ❑ Is beauty universal?  The Science of Beauty From a perspective, there are number of physical features that both men and women should be programmed to find beautiful. – Clean, unblemished skin – Thick shiny hair – Symmetrical faces These features indicate health and good genes. Female beauty is a combination of features that indicate youth & fertility. Men find women attractive with high cheekbones full lips narrow jaws because those features signify low testosterone and high estrogen, which are indications of fertility. Women are thought to look for i ndicators of high testosterone in men’s face, such as : -strong jaws -heavy brows -thin lips -broad cheekbones which indicate both good genes as well as the tendency to attain high status. - Women are attracted to different types of FACES when they are looking for short-term, relationships (e.g facial scars)  The Golden Ratio Pythagorus, felt that a mathematical concept called the Golden Ration (Golden Section or Golden mean) could provide the mathematical model for the most beautiful face.  Western vs. Asian Beauty Standards ASIAN BEAUTY STANDARD: WHITE The paler you are the more obvious you spent your life away from the harsh sun and hard labor fields. Paleness is a mark of “Prestige”.  Western vs. Asian Beauty Standards WESTERN BEAUTY STANDARD:GOLD Tanned/Sun-kissed skin meant prestige since it means you can afford Travel in tropical areas, and expensive tanning products.  Filipino Context of Beauty Three Categories: - White Skin (Mestiza) - Bronze Skin (Morena) - EastAsian Fair Skin (Chinita)  Filipino Context of Beauty WHITE BEAUTY - The most prevalent beauty standard in the Philippine modern-day culture (Mestiza) - Colonies ruled by Datu’s had princes and princesses called “Binukot” who were fed with white crushed pearl powder to maintain their complexion (trophy wives)  Filipino Context of Beauty BRONZE BEAUTY - The color of the skin of the ruling class , known as strong & alluring - Perceived as strong and vigorous and believed to be the perfect color before the Philippines was colonized - The brown beauty is still appreciated up to modern day but not as appreciated due to Spanish destruction and colonization.  Filipino Context of Beauty YELLOW BEAUTY - The crescent or slanting eyes and the foreign features of Chinese & Japanese are Also a beauty standard in the Philippines. - Mainly influenced by the barter of goods and trade in the Pre-colonial Philippines  Culture: How it affects beauty standards There is a tremendous variety in the types of features that societies around the world find beautiful. Indicating that beauty may also be culturally constructed In India, the traditional ideals of beauty include cleanliness, the graceful use of clothing, how a woman carries herself, whether her skin and hair is well cared for, and the wearing of the bindi in the forehead. In Myanmar the sub-group Padaung, say that Women are attractive and beautiful If they wear heavy brass rings around their neck. This is a sign of beauty & wealth In Iran, women like to show off their nose jobs. It is known as the capital city of Rhinoplasty. Since their skin & hair is covered they will enhance anything that is visible In Kenya and parts of Africa, stretched lips, earlobes and shaved head is a beauty standard. Stretched earlobes and lips are adorned with colorful jewelry signifying attraction Other parts of Africa find men/women attractive if they have scars because it depicts beauty In New Zealand, Maori women have traditionally adorned a tattoo on their chin as Means to attract a mate known as Ta Moko. The tattoo bears tribal affiliations and social status in her tribe Women in many Asian countries will avoid the sun at all costs because pale skin Depicted wealth and luxury. In Mauritania, women with fuller figures are more beautiful than slim women. A fat wife is a symbol of wealth In France, women that are “au naturel” are more appealing (less makeup, natural body hair) Describe an ideal WOMAN/MAN for you in terms of physical beauty. Which part of your physical self do you find beautiful? Why? Which Philosophers perspective of the self do you believe in? Why? Beauty Trends: Makeup Beauty Trends: Makeup Beauty Trends: Makeup Beauty Trends: Plastic Surgery BLEPHAROSPLASTY/ DOUBLE EYELID SURGERY Beauty Trends: Plastic Surgery BLEPHAROSPLASTY/ DOUBLE EYELID SURGERY Beauty Trends: Plastic Surgery BLEPHAROSPLASTY/ DOUBLE EYELID SURGERY Beauty Trends: Plastic Surgery TUMMY TUCK Beauty Trends: Plastic Surgery BREAST AUGMENTATION/ IMPLANTS Beauty Trends: Plastic Surgery RHINOPLASTY Beauty Trends: Plastic Surgery EAR REDUCTION Beauty Trends: Plastic Surgery CHIN AUGMENTATION Beauty Trends: Plastic Surgery FACELIFT Beauty Trends: Plastic Surgery BREAST REDUCTION Beauty Trends: Plastic Surgery  Body Dysmorphic Disorder A new problem that has developed in those who can afford it is body dysmorphic disorder, a psychological disorder in which an individual is desperately unhappy with his or her own body, patients cannot stop getting surgeries because, regardless if the results, they are never happy with their appearance. Rodrigo Alves – 103 Cosmetic Procedures Rodrigo Alves – 103 Cosmetic Procedures  Fat and Thin Bodies Fat shaming is the action or practice of humiliating someone judged to be fat or overweight by making mocking or critical comments about their size.  The use of fat characters in literature, plays, and film, too, illustrates the negative moral attributes of the overweight and obese. Fat male characters are stupid, greedy, and evil, while fat female characters are lazy, overbearing, or desperate and needy.  Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa People with anorexia nervosa may see th emselves as overweight, even when they are dangerously underweight. People with anorex ia nervosa typically weigh themselves repeat edly, severely restrict the amount of food they eat, and eat very small quantities of only cert ain foods.  Bulimia nervosa People with bulimia nervosa have recurrent and frequent episodes of eating unusually large amounts of food and feeling a lack of control over these episodes. This binge-eating is followed by behavior that compensates for the overeating such as forced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, excessive exercise, or a combin ation of these behaviors.  Binge-eating disorder People with binge-eating disorder lose control over his or her eating. Unlike bulimia nervosa, periods of binge-eating are not followed by purging, excessive exe rcise, or fasting. As a result, people with bi nge-eating disorder often are overweight or obese Manuel Uribe – 600kg Thank You