Medication Administration Procedure PDF

# Medication Administration Procedure ## Introduction - Medication administration is a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or relief of a symptom or for prevention of disease. - It is a direct application of medications by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means...

# Medication Administration Procedure ## Introduction - Medication administration is a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or relief of a symptom or for prevention of disease. - It is a direct application of medications by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means to an individual receiving services (patient) by health team members. ## Different between drug and medication | Drugs | Medication | |---|---| | Substances that change in person's physical or physiological state and have positively or negatively health affect. | Drug are used to prevent or treat disease. | All medications are drugs but not all drugs are medications. ## Purpose of medication - **Prophylaxis**: to prevent the occurrence of disease such as - heparin to prevent thrombosis. - antibiotics to prevent infection. - **Therapeutic purpose**: to cure the disease. - **Diagnostic purpose**: to identify any disease. # Factors affecting medication administration: - Age - Body weight - Nutrition status - Disease - Time - Gender - Hormonal status # Guidelines of medication administration ## For NURSE 1. Identify patient correctly. 2. Practice asepsis. 3. Don't give medication by someone else. 4. Don't leave medication bedsides PT until take it. 5. Don't mix medication without prescribed from physician. 6. Keep narcotic in closed place. 7. Identify appropriate nursing actions/clinical judgments related to safe medication administration. 8. Identify 10 patient rights of medication demonstration. 9. Demonstrate the effective use of Documentation and Communication skills in administering medications. ## For medication ### 10 Rights of Medication Administration: 1. Right patient 2. Right Medication 3. Right Time 4. Right Dose 5. Right Route 6. Right to information on drug/client education. 7. Right to refuse medication 8. Right assessment 9. Right documentation 10. Right evaluation ## Safety in Administering medications: - The safe and accurate administration of medication is one of the major responsibilities of a nurse. - Read the physician's orders of the drug. - If the order is not clear consult the physician. - Consider the age and weight of the patient. - Calculate the drug dosage accurately. - Identify the patient correctly (double check). - Observe for the symptoms of over dosage of the drugs before it is administered. - Give the drugs one by one. - Stay with the patient until he has taken the medicine completely. - Do not leave the medicine with the patient. ## Medication order - The drug order, written by the physician, should has 7 essential parts for administration of drugs safely. 1. Patients full name. 2. Date and time. 3. Drug name. 4. Dosage. 5. Route of administration. 6. Time and frequency of administration. 7. Signature of physician. ## Drug Forms - Drug forms can be of three types - Solid: tablet and capsule - Liquid: syrup and eye drops - Semi solid: ointment and lotion ## Route of administration | Oral | Parental | Topical | Inhaler | |---|---|---|---| | Internal administration | Intradermal/ Intramuscular/ Intravenous/ subcutaneous | Instillation/ Irrigation/ Swabbing/ Epidermal | Vaporization/ Gas inhalation/ nebulization | | Sublingual Administration | | | | | Buccal Administration | | | | ### Oral medication administration - Enteral administration (internal tube, NGT) - Oral mucous membrane - Sublingual administration: tablets are dissolved under the tongue (e.g. nitroglycerin) - Buccal cavity: tablets are dissolved between cheek and gum. ### Parenteral administration - It administered for local or systemic effect. - Parenteral medications are administered intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal or intravenous, means other than alimentary canal (GIT). - Parenteral administration includes: - Intradermal (ID): Injection into the dermis just under the epidermis - Subcutaneous (SC): Injection into tissues just below the dermis of the skin. - Intramuscular (IM): Injection into a muscle below subcutaneous layer - Intravenous (IV): Injection into a vein ## Topical Medication Applications: - Drugs are applied topically to the skin or mucous membranes, mainly for local action. - Skin Applications - Nasal Instillation - Eye Instillation - Ear Instillation - Rectal Instillation ## Inhalation medication - Vaporization - Gas inhalation - nebulization # Component of needle - Finger flange - Thumb rest - Barrel - Plunger - Needle hub - Needle - Rubber stopper - Luer lock - Bevel # Intramuscular injection (ID) ## Introduction: - Intramuscular (IM) injection - It is the deposit of medication into deep muscle tissue, which has a rich blood supply, that allowing medication to absorb faster than by the subcutaneous route. ## Sites of intramuscular injection - **Dorso-gluteal muscle** - Dose of medication:(1-5ml) - **Ventrogluteal muscle**. - Dose of medication:(1-5ml) Adult - Dose of medication:(1-2ml) Children - **Deltoid muscle** - Dose of medication:(1-2ml) ## Forms of injectable medication - Ampoule - Vial of liquid - Dry powder mixed with liquid. ## Criteria of selected site of injection: - It should be free of: - Bruise - Scar - Discoloration - Redness - Hardened - Inflammation # Form of injections - Ampule - Vail: a. powder - b. solution