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# Islamic Economy in the Middle Ages The medieval Islamic economy was primarily based on agriculture and livestock raising, but it also excelled in trade and crafts. Arabs improved irrigation techniques and introduced new crops to the Mediterranean region, such as rice, oranges, and cotton. Islam...

# Islamic Economy in the Middle Ages The medieval Islamic economy was primarily based on agriculture and livestock raising, but it also excelled in trade and crafts. Arabs improved irrigation techniques and introduced new crops to the Mediterranean region, such as rice, oranges, and cotton. Islamic cities were important centers for commerce and industry. Muslim artisans were known for their skills in metalworking, leatherwork, textiles, and pottery. Trade routes extended from the Iberian Peninsula to China, carrying spices, raw materials, and manufactured goods. The use of gold and silver coins facilitated trade. Arabs also acted as intermediaries in trade between East and West, a role they maintained until the Portuguese and Castilians discovered new sea routes in the 15th century. **Visual Aids:** The document includes a map showing trade routes (gold route, incense route, silk road, spice route). There is also an image of orange trees, likely meant to illustrate the cultivation of crops important to the Islamic economy of the time. A possible image of craftspeople, potentially demonstrating aspects or artisans of this time is also present.