Life of Jose Rizal Part II (PDF)

Life of Jose Rizal Part II “The lack of national sentiment was the cause of the numerous ills of Philippine colonial society.” – Pepe Rizal: A Student in Manila Ateneo Municipal – Escuela Pia o June 10, 1872 o Bachiller en Artes o Used the name Jose Rizal instead o...

Life of Jose Rizal Part II “The lack of national sentiment was the cause of the numerous ills of Philippine colonial society.” – Pepe Rizal: A Student in Manila Ateneo Municipal – Escuela Pia o June 10, 1872 o Bachiller en Artes o Used the name Jose Rizal instead of Jose Mercado to avoid Spanish prejudice o Initially refused admission by Father Magin Ferrando due to late registration and being sickly and undersized Escuela Pia – Ateneo Municipal o Provided the best education for boys, especially poor boys o Managed by Spanish Jesuit Fathers instead of Friars o Mass every morning before class o Rigid discipline and religious instruction o Divided into two groups / empire: ▪ Romans – Internos ▪ Carthaginians – Externos Rizal’s Academic Journey in Ateneo First Year (1872-1873) o Adjustment period of Rizal o First professor: Father Jose Bech o Became an "emperor", received a gift (picture of a cross/virgin mary) ▪ Empreor, Tribune, Decurion, Centurion, Standard-Bearer o Received a religious picture as a reward o Also studied at Santa Isabel College, took special course/lessons Second Year (1873-1874) o Received excellent grades in ALL subjects and won a gold medal o Read The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas(his favorite book) o Read Universal History by Cesar Cantu and Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor (one of his favorite books)  Third Year (1874-1875) o Consistently excellent student but received only one medal (in Latin) o In the end the school year, he returned to Calamba unimpressed Fourth Year (1875-1876) o Became an Internos on June 16, 1875 o Studied under Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez o Topped all subjects and won five medals Final Year (1876-1877) o Recognized as the most brilliant Atenean, earning the title "El Orgullo de los Jesuitas" “The Pride of the Jesuits” o Graduated with a Bachiller en Artes on March 23, 1877, at the age of 16 ▪ With highest honors (sobresaliente) Rizal After Ateneo Cultivated various talents under different mentors: o Father Sanchez – literary o Agustin Saez – painting o Romualdo de Jesus – sculpture o Carved an image of the Virgin Mary using batikuling wood and a pocketknife o Father Lleonart – Sacred Heart of Jesus “Don’t send him to Manila again; he knows enough. If he gets to know more, the Spaniards will cut off his head.” – Doña Teodora Rizal’s Days at UST Enrolled at Universidad de Santo Tomas (UST) previous name: Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santisimo Rosario Freshman Year (1877-1878) o Studied Filosofia y Letras (Philosophy and Letters) o Took a vocational course: Perito Agrimensor (Expert Surveyor) Second Year at UST (1878-1879) o Shifted to Medicine, because of his mother's deteriorating eyesight o Academic performance declined compared to Ateneo, because friars are discriminatory against him and other Filipino students o Met Leonor Rivera  "Seven out of Twenty-Four": means he could only see Leonor for o seven hours in a day, out of the full 24 hours. Unhappy Days at UST Dominican professors were hostile to him Filipino students faced racial discrimination Methods of teaching were outdated and repressive Rizal’s Departure to Spain After finishing medical studies in UST, Rizal decided to complete his studies in Spain, but.. Secret Pact with Paciano: Mission to observe culture, life, government, and laws of European Nations. May 3, 1882: Left the Philippines aboard the steamship Salvadora June 16, 1882: Arrived in Barcelona Published El Amor Patrio in Diariong Tagalog under the pen name Laong Laan (August 20, 1882) Rizal in Europe November 3, 1882 (Madrid) o Enrolled at Universidad Central de Madrid ▪ Studied Philosophy and Letters, and Medicine o Attended Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (painting & sculpture) o Took language classes at Madrid Ateneo (French, English, and German) o Trained in fencing and pistol shooting at Halls of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell June 1884: Earned Licenciado en Medicina (Licentiate in Medicine) o Could not continue Doctorate in Medicine due to financial constraints June 1885: Took examinations in Greek, Latin, and World History o Earned Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras (Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters) with sobresaliente(outstanding) honors First Visit to Paris Traveled to Paris, the “gay capital of France” He considered it “the costliest capital in Europe” Life of Jose Rizal Part III “Soon, I will feel the wind’s breeze kissing my cheeks as I walk to my last destination. It will just be a while as I wait to die for my beloved land.” – Dr. Jose Rizal Rizal’s Journey from Paris to Berlin January 1884 – Completed the first half of Noli Me Tangere: “Huwag mo akong salingin”, “Touch me not” Traveled to Paris and Germany to specialize in Ophthalmology (1885-1887) Modeled for Juan Luna’s paintings: o The Death of Cleopatra (as an Egyptian Priest) o The Blood Compact (as Sikatuna) Key Encounters and Achievements in Berlin Met Dr. Feodor Jagor (author of Travels in the Philippines) Winter of 1886 – Rizal’s darkest winter, he broke n sick March 21, 1887 – Noli Me Tangere was published with the help of Maximo Viola: loaned 300 Pesos to Maximo Viola to print 2,000 copies of Noli Me Tangere Associated with: o Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey – Captain of Manila, influential figure in Manila society, daughter: Consuelo Ortiga o Eduardo de Lete, also liked Consuelo Ortiga, Rizal gave way (still cant move on from Leonor) o Ferdinand Blumentritt (May 1887) – confidant of Rizal o Became a Master Mason (November 15, 1890) ▪ joined the Freemasonry, an international fraternal organization that promoted values such as brotherhood, equality, and freedom First Homecoming (1887-1888) Why Rizal Was Determined to Return Home To operate on his mother’s eyes  To serve his people against Spanish oppression To assess the impact of Noli Me Tangere on Filipinos andespecially, Spaniards To find out why Leonor Rivera remained silent Paciano warned him not to come home Silvestre Ubaldo – Jose Cecilio Arrival in the Philippines August 8, 1887 – Returned to Calamba Established a medical clinic, and was called “Doctor Uliman” Opened a gymnasium for youth and introduced European sports Failed to meet Leonor Rivera (supposed she is in arranged marriage that time) Farewell to Calamba Governor-General Emilio Terrero y Perinat advised him to leave February 16, 1888 – Rizal left Calamba Wrote Himno al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor) Reasons for leaving: o He is jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family o He could fight better in foreign countries Second Trip to Europe & Propaganda Movement Joined the Propaganda Movement Involved in La Solidaridad, led by Graciano López Jaena The Great Triumvirate: o Graciano López Jaena (Founder) o Marcelo H. del Pilar (Patnugot) o Jose Rizal (contributed most contents) Reform Campaigns of the Propaganda Movement Philippines to become a province of Spain, giving Filipinos equal rights Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes Parish secularization (separation of the church and state) Second Trip to Europe July 1891 – Completed El Filibusterismo: The Reign of Greed September 18, 1891 – Published El Filibusterismo in Ghent, Germany, with the help of Valentin Ventura Second Homecoming (1892) June 26, 1892 – Rizal returned to the Philippines La Liga Filipina & Arrest July 3, 1892 – Founded La Liga Filipina at Doroteo Ongjunco’s house in Tondo, Manila July 6, 1892 – Arrested and imprisoned in Fort Santiago o Governor-General Eulogio Despujol ordered his arrest due to the publication of Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) Exile in Dapitan (1892-1896) July 17, 1892 – Exiled in Dapitan via steamer Cebu under Captain Ricardo Carcinero Lived in Dapitan for four years (1892-1896) Led community projects, including: o The town’s first water system o Efforts to eliminate malaria o Improved town lighting system o Beautification of Dapitan Met Josephine Bracken, foster daughter of George Taufer Father Antonio Obach denied the sacrament of marriage tothem without Rizal’s retraction June 21, 1896 – Dr. Pio Valenzuela visited Rizal 1894/1895 – Volunteered as a Filipino surgeon in Cuba, was arrested instead Trial and Execution of Rizal “Consummatum est!” – Dr. Jose Rizal Trial and Execution November 20, 1896 – Preliminary investigation began Defended by Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade December 26, 1896 – Sentenced to death by firing squad December 28, 1896 – Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja confirmed the execution to occur at 7:00 am of Deecember 30, 1986 Execution (December 30, 1896) 6:30 AM – A trumpet sounded at Fort Santiago Rizal dressed elegantly for his execution  Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo examined him before execution “Un Ultimo Pabor” Wrote his final poem Mi Último Adiós o Fr. Mariano Dacanay** 7:03 AM – Rizal was executed at Bagumbayan (Luneta) Age at death: 35 years, 5 months, and 11 days Last words: “Consummatum est!” (It is finished!) The Life of Jose Rizal Part IV “No good water comes from a muddy spring. No sweet fruit comes from a bitter seed.” – Dr. Jose Rizal After the Execution: Where Was Rizal Buried? His burial was secret and intentionally mismarked by Spaniards Buried at Cementerio General de Dilao under the marker “R. P. J.” 1898 – His sister Sisa exhumed Rizal’s remains His bones were washed and placed in an urn at the home of his relative Higino Francisco 1912 – Transferred to the Marble Hall of the Ayuntamiento de Manila December 30, 1913 – The Rizal Monument was inaugurated The Women in Rizal’s Life Julia Childhood Infatuation Playmate Segunda Solis Katigbak Rizal’s puppy love (She was 14, Rizal was 16) A close friend of Ypia Miss “L” 3 rd girlfriend and Rizal’s “tutor” He gave his attention to her after his loss to Segunda Jacinta Ibardo Laza Leonor Valenzuela  A tall girl from Pagsanjan Rizal met her when he was at UST Rizal used invisible ink in love letters Leonor Rivera She met Rizal when he was at UST. A charming woman with beautiful singing voice and good piano skills Rizal’s longtime love, but she married Henry Kipping Consuelo Ortiga y Rey Daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey Eduardo de Lete, another suitor of her Rizal wrote A la Señorita C. O. y R. for her Usui Seiko / O-Sei-San Came from a samurai family in Tokyo Her family offered Rizal a stable job Gertrude Beckett Daughter of Charles Beckett in London Assisted Rizal in his sculptures She fell in love in Rizal’s charisma Nellie Boustead He demanded Rizal to be a Protestant Dissatisfaction of Nellie’s mother to Rizal’s occupation Suzanne Jacoby A Belgian woman whom Rizal met in Belgium’s Summertime Festival in 1890 One-sided affair A box of chocolate Josephine McBride Bracken Daughter of James Bracken and Elizabeth McBride, foster daughter of George Taufer Rizal’s de facto wife Met Rizal when she was 18 years old Jose Francisco – Their son, who died as an infant The Rizal–Bracken Wedding December 30, 1896 – Around 5:00 AM - 6:00 AM  Conducted by Fr. Vicente Balaguer, SJ The Rizal Monument September 1901 – Established by the United States Philippine Commission 1905 - 1907 – Design contest for Rizal’s monument Prof. Carlos Nicoli, an Italian sculptor, won first prize with“Al Martir de Bagumbayan” but was not selected Richard Kissling, a Swiss sculptor, won second prize with “Motto Stella” 1913 – The monument was finally unveiled at Luneta Park Animals Named After Rizal Some species have been named in Rizal’s honor due to his contributions to natural sciences Apogonia Rizali - Another distinguished German zoologist, Dr. Carl. M. Heller, classified a small beetle belonging to the species coleoptera as Apogonia Rizali, a flying beetle less than an inch, in 1897. Draco Rizali - The third specie, bearing the name Draco Rizali (Philippine Gliding Lizard) named in 1893 by a biologist named Benno War flying Dragon again in honor of the late Dr. Jose Rizal. [Critically Endangered Racophorus Rizali - A rare frog which was sent to Frankfurt was christened Racophorus Rizali (Harlequin Tree Frog) by the famous German Amphibiologist Proffessor Oskar Boettger in honor of Rizal, which is a species of a toad once found in the forests of Mindanao