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# Geography Notes ## The Earth * Crust = Outer Layer, Made of rock & dirt * Mantle = Second Layer, Made of magma & rock * Outer Core = Third Layer, Made of magma * Inner Core = Final Layer, Hottest layer and has iron ## Continental Drift * Thought up by Alfred Wegener * 225 million years ago, co...

# Geography Notes ## The Earth * Crust = Outer Layer, Made of rock & dirt * Mantle = Second Layer, Made of magma & rock * Outer Core = Third Layer, Made of magma * Inner Core = Final Layer, Hottest layer and has iron ## Continental Drift * Thought up by Alfred Wegener * 225 million years ago, continents called Pangaea * Huge land mass with every continent joined together * Alfred came up with the idea after seeing shapes of continents joined together * Plates move using convection currents * The magma is heated in the mantle and rises up * It then starts cooling down and moves sideways, causing the plate to move * The magma cools down again, restarting the cycle ## Destructive Plate Boundaries ### Continental on Oceanic * Continental plate collides with oceanic plate * Continental plate is lighter, rises up * Oceanic plate goes down into the mantle * Called subduction * Creates ocean trench * Benioff zone = point the oceanic plate melts into the mantle * Forms violent dome volcano above Benioff zone ### Oceanic on Oceanic * Oceanic plate collides with oceanic plate * One goes under * Forms ocean trench