Organic Chemistry 2024-2025 Past Paper PDF

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY School of Pharmacy | 4PH | AY 2024-2025 | Batch 2025 Transcribers: Editors & Proofreaders: GLYCEROL (TOPIC) - Used in the manufacturer of Certains...

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY School of Pharmacy | 4PH | AY 2024-2025 | Batch 2025 Transcribers: Editors & Proofreaders: GLYCEROL (TOPIC) - Used in the manufacturer of Certains plastics (SUBTOPIC) - Used as solvent in liquid medications (Concept) being a non-toxic ingredient in (Body) cosmetic formulations due to its ❗ ✎ Mentioned by professor, not found in materials. moisturizing property ✎ Will be included in the exams, quizzes, etc. - Main constituent of suppositories ETHYLENE GLYCOL ☂ Additional learning materials a - Anti-freeze for automobiles IMPORTANT ALCOHOLS - Solvent METHANOL - Humectant --- aids in retaining - Also knosn ass wood alcohol moisture - Because it was formerly obtained PHENOL / CARBOLIC ACID from destructive distillation - Used as disinfectant for surgical instruments and utensils, etc. - Use to produce formaldehyde - Starting material in the manufacture - A starting material for many plastics - Good denaturant for wthyl alcohol - Aspirin (makes ethyl alcohol UNFIT for - Detergents drinking) - Dyes (colorant) - Because its taste and POISONOUS -Herbicides properties -Explosives CRESOL ETHANOL - Saponated cresol (Lysol) Other names : - Used as disinfectant which BETTERR - Galcohol, wine spirit, spiritus vini and LESS TOXIC than phenol rectificatus RESORCINOL - Alcohol present in alcoholic beverages - Used an antiseptic BUT NOT AS GOOD - It is obtained from fermentation of as phenol sugars and starch - CRESOL ----- PHENOL -- - 70% solution -- used an antiseptic RESORCINOL - Used as solvent in medicinal HEXYLRESORCINOL preparations - Much better antiseptic and germicide - TINCTURES !!! property - UNFIT for use intoxicating beverages - Commonly used in mouthwashes by addition of denatuuraed alchol MENTHOL (containe methanol and benzene) - From Oil of peppermint. GERANIOL ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL - From Rose oil - Component of rubbing alcohol GLUCOSE - Solvent - A carbohydrate basic unit - ntermediate in the production of acetone IMPORTANT ETHERS ETHYLENE OXIDE CHOLESTEROL - Gas sterilant - Complex alcohol that occurs in nature - Used to fumigate textiles and grains - Sterol found in a cell membrane (CM) - Raw material in the synthesis of other of animal cell organic compounds - Used as precursor for the synthesis of sex hormones and bile acids  MONOBENZONE - Depigmenting agent in cases of excessive BUTANAL melanin formation’ - A constituent of the aroma of fresh - Reduced melanin formation can be seen in bread whitening preparation - aka butyraldehyde - Lightens the skin - Uses : starting material of different products, natural compoenets of - ACTION - inhibits the formation of essesntial oils, industrial production -- melanin plastics, resins, other chemicals - Significant Cons: BENZALDEHYDE - Safety and potential S/E of prolonged - - Before, it is called "OIL OF BITTER usage of the product -- lead to uneven ALMOND" - present in akmond sed skin color distribution, sensitive to -Used a flavoring agent sunlight, other skin-related conditions. -Intermediate in the manucfature: - Drugs, Dyes, other organic products EUGENOL CINNAMALDEHYDE - - Obtained from Clove oil - Chief constituent of the oil of - - When it is mixed with ZnO , it forms a cinnamon bark cement which is used by dentist as - Responsible for the characteristic's temporary fillings aroma and flavor of cinnamon NAPROXEN - Therapeutic properties: anti- - NSAID -- used for pain relief, inflammatory effects, antioxidant inflammation reduction.. and fever activity antimicrobial property, reduction neuroprotective effects - Aromatic ring --- responsible for the VANILLIN anti- inflammatory and analagesic - Fragrant component of vanilla beans property - Flavoring agent - Potential pharmaceutical application: IMPORTANT ALDEHYDES - Antioxidant property FORMALDEHYDE’ - Potential of having - Preservative for anatomical specimens neuroprotective property because it causes skin hardening. - Antimicrobial property - Effective disinfectant used in hospitals as embalming fluid (formalin) - Cancer investigation - NEVER MIX FORMALDEHYDE WITH - - Cosmetics and perfumery SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE CITRAL - ----- CARCINOGENIC PRODUCT - Major component of lemon grass oil -Creates a silver mirror on the walls of - Other uses: a test tube if reacted with AgNO3 -- -Perfume Tollen's test - Flavoring -Antimicrobial ACETALDEHYDE - Anti-inflammatory - Intermediate in the manufacture of : -Anti-cancer (investigational stage) -Acetic - Ethyl acetate -Vinyl acetate IMPORTANT KETONES - Are used in the production of synthetic rubber and water-based ACETONE paints - Used as a solvent for products such as - paints, lacquers, and cellulose acetate CHLORAL HYDRATE - Because of its miscible with both - "Knockout drops " water and non-polar liquids - Dissolves starch, resin, proteins - - Nail polish remover - Metabolite : Tricloroacetic acid - SEDATICE AND HYPNOTIC MEDICATION Page 2  TESTOSTERONE ‘ - Headaches - Major constituents of the male sex - Minor aches hormones - Pains - Responsible for the development ACETAMINOPHEN (Paracetamol, USP) secondary sex characteristics - Use: Substitute for aspirin - Steroidal ketone CITRIC ACID --Triprotic Acid MUSCONE -Found in citrus fruits - Odorous principal component of musk LACTIC ACID (sex attractant) - Found in sour milk - Valued for its ability to enhance - Formed during fermentation of mil fragrance even when presents in sugar (Lactose) minute amounts. - Responsible for souring of spoiled milk - -Present in many of the expensive - Product of fermentation of lactor perfumes TARTARIC ACID - Perfumery -- Use: fixative - Found on several fruits particularly GRAPES Musk - Natural subtance with a strong sweet smell - -Diprotic acid - Salts of tartaric acid Pheromones: produced by musk to attract sex - - Potassium hydrogen tartrate MUSCALINE - aka CREAM OF TARTAR - Pheromone produced by house flies CHLORACETOPHENONE - Use: in making baking powder - Used as a lacrimator because it - - Potassium sodium tartrate irritates the eyes -Use : mild cathartic - Used ad a tear gas PEPPER SPRAY - Contains "capsaicin" from chili BENZOIC ACID ACETOPHENONE - - Monoprotic acid - Has been used as a hypnotic but HINDI NA - -Use: antifungal agent NGAYON BEACUSE THERE IS ALREADY newer - Important form: and safer drugs in the market - -Sodium benzoate -- sodium salt; METHYL ETHYL KETONE (MEK) used as a food preservative PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID – -Solvents for lacquers, paints and plastics. - PABA - Used in suntan lotions to prevent the IMPORTANT ACIDS dangerous UV rays from reaching the SALICYLIC ACID skin - Monoprotic Acid ACETIC ACID - Used for the treatment fungal infecction and removal of warts and corns - Used as a keratolytic agent (for the removal of dead skin cell) - Important Preparation - Benzoic acid + Salicylic acid --- Whitefield's ointment - Treats: Ringworm, athelet's foot, jock itch, fungal nail infection ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID (Aspirin Properties: - - Analgesic - -Antipyretic Uses: - Treatment of colds Page 3 Page 4