Blood Pressure Part 1 PDF

Blood pressure part 1 By/ Dr/ Rasha Mohamed  Outlines: Definitions Physiology of arterial blood pressure Hemodynamic effects on blood pressure. ,Factors affecting blood pressure. Blood pressure equipment. 6 Measuring blood pressure. Definitions Blood Pressure : It is t...

Blood pressure part 1 By/ Dr/ Rasha Mohamed  Outlines: Definitions Physiology of arterial blood pressure Hemodynamic effects on blood pressure. ,Factors affecting blood pressure. Blood pressure equipment. 6 Measuring blood pressure. Definitions Blood Pressure : It is the force exerted by blood against the walls ofarteries. Systole: It is the period of heart muscle contraction. Systolic blood pressure: It is the peak maximum pressure in thelarge arteries when the left ventricle pumps the blood into the aorta. Diastole :it is the period of heart muscle relaxation. Diastolic Blood pressure :t is the peak minimal pressure exerted on the wall of large arteries when the heart is relaxed. The standard unit of measuring blood pressure: It is Millimetersof mercury (mmHg).  Normal range of BP: 120/80 mmHg + 20 mmHg for systolic pressure and + 15 mmHg fordiastolic pressure Pulse Pressure: *It is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure = 40 mm Hg. Hypertension: It is the persistent blood pressure measurements above the normal 140/90mmHg. Hypotension: It is condition in which blood pressure measurements below the normal 100/65 mmHg.  Physiology of arterial blood pressure: Blood pressure reflects the iter-relationships of homodynamic factors, including: Cardiac output Peripheral resistance 3 Blood volume 4Viscosity s Elasticity  Cardiac Output It is the volume of blood pumped by the heart (stroke volume/SV)during one minute (heart rate/HR. CO=HRXSV *The blood pressure (BP) is a product of the cardiac output (C0) and peripheralvascular resistance (R). *BP= Co XR - Peripheral Resistance *Arteries and arterioles are surrounded by smooth muscle that contracts or relaxes to change the size of the lumen through which blood flows. *The size of arteries and arterioles changes to adjust blood flow to the needsof local tissues.  Blood Volume It is the volume of blood circulating within the vascular system. Most aduit have a circulating blood volume of 5000 mi, normally it remains constant. Viscosity It is thickness or viscosity of blood which affects the ease with which blood flows through small vessels. * The hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood, it determines blood viscosity. Elasticity *Normally the walls of an artery are elastic and easily distensible as pressure within the arteries increases, the diameter of vessel walls also increase. * Arterial dispensability prevents wide fluctuations in blood pressure.  Physiology of arterial blood pressure: Blood pressure reflects the inter-relationships of homodynamic factors, including: Cardiac output 21 Peripheral resistance 3 Blood volume Viscosity Elasticity