Anatomy & Physiology Practice Test PDF

Okay, here's the converted text from the images, formatted in Markdown. ### Vol. 1 Practice Test: Unit B - Anatomy & Physiology #### 113. Mild depression in ventilation (hypoventilation) results in: a. + chronotropic b. - inotropism c. Decreased $PCO_2$ d. Increased pH #### 114. What class of aut...

Okay, here's the converted text from the images, formatted in Markdown. ### Vol. 1 Practice Test: Unit B - Anatomy & Physiology #### 113. Mild depression in ventilation (hypoventilation) results in: a. + chronotropic b. - inotropism c. Decreased $PCO_2$ d. Increased pH #### 114. What class of autonomic drug is norepinephrine? a. Sympathomimetic b. Cholinergic c. Vagal blocker d. Beta blocker #### 115. A 100 Kg patient experiences a vasovagal reaction. How much TOTAL / maximum atropine can be administered? a. 1 mg b. 4 mg c. 8 mg d. 16 mg #### 116. When increased blood pressure is sensed in the arteries, the baroreceptor reflex causes: a. Increased heart rate b. Decreased heart rate c. Increased sympathetic tone d. Decreased parasympathetic tone ### B6 - Hemodynamics & Pressures #### 117. At what level in the vascular system is flow through the vessels at its SLOWEST rate? a. Veins b. Arteries c. Capillaries d. Arterioles #### 118. What vessels in the vascular system create the greatest pressure drop? a. Systemic capillaries b. Pulmonary capillaries c. Systemic arterioles d. Pulmonary arterioles #### 119. An image displays a chart of an AO, ECG and PHONO with "ECG and heart sounds" Which heart sound component delays and splits off during inspiration as shown? a. S1A (also termed A1) b. S1P (also termed P1) c. S2A (also termed A2) d. S2P (also termed P2) #### 120. The second heart sound is caused by closure of what two valves? a. Mitral and tricuspid b. Mitral and aortic c. Aortic and pulmonic d. Pulmonic and tricuspid #### 121. What phase of the cardiac cycle immediately follows closure of the AV valves and precedes the opening of the semilunar valves in systole? a. Atrial contraction b. Isometric contraction c. Isometric relaxation d. Diastolic filling period #### 122. An image diagrams an arterial BP with the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The arterial blood pressure wave shown at #2 in the drawing is termed the wave/phase. a. Percussion wave (rapid systolic ejection) b. Tidal wave (slow systolic ejection) c. Beginning systole d. Dicrotic notch e. Anacrotic notch #### 123. Calculate the arterial PULSE PRESSURE if the BP is 120/70/90 (s/d/m). a. 20 mmHg b. 30 mmHg c. 50 mmHg d. 70 mmHg e. 120 mmHg #### 124. What percentage of ventricular filling normally results from atrial contraction? a. 5-10% b. 15-25% c. 30-40% d. 45-55% #### USE THIS DIAGRAM FOR THE NEXT 2 QUESTIONS. An image diagrams an arterial BP with the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The image also contains a graph showing a Wiggers diagram: LA, LV, AO #### 125. On the Wiggers diagram, identify the phase of the cardiac cycle labeled at #4. a. Isometric contraction b. Isometric relaxation c. Rapid diastolic filling d. Slow diastolic filling #### 126. What valve event occurs between #3 & #4 on this Wiggers diagram (LA-LV pressure crossover)? a. Closing of mitral valve b. Closing of tricuspid valve c. Opening of mitral valve d. Opening of tricuspid valves #### 127. Peripheral venous pressure is the same as ________ pressure. a. Left atrial pressure (LA) b. Right atrial (RA) c. Diastolic blood pressure ($BP_d$) d. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LV-EDP) #### 128. An image diagrams a ECG, Heart Sounds and LV pressure. This is a diagram of LV diastolic pressure and a phonocardiogram. Labeled #1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. This is a diagram of LV diastolic pressure and a phonocardiogram. Identify the heart sound labeled #5. a. S3 gallop (rapid filling) b. S3 gallop (atrial contraction) c. S4 gallop (rapid filling) d. S4 gallop (atrial contraction) e. Systolic click (MV prolapse) #### 129. Starling's law of the heart states that the force of cardiac contraction increases with: a. Increased coronary perfusion b. Increased diastolic filling c. Increased heart rate d. Decreasing heart size #### 130. All these hemodynamic parameters evaluate ventricular preload EXCEPT: PA wedge pressure Central venous pressure (CVP) Beginning diastolic pressure Maximum LV filling volume (EDV) #### 131. Calculate the stroke volume of the LV if CO = 4.9 L/min and RR interval = 1.0 sec. Use CO = SV x HR and HR = 60/RR int. a. 60 ml b. 70 ml c. 82 ml d. 100 ml #### 132. In a normal person the result of a sustained Valsalva maneuver (bearing down) is to ______ the blood pressure and to _______ the arterial pulse pressure. a. Increase, Increase b. Increase, Decrease c. Decrease, Increase d. Decrease, Decrease #### 133. Arterioles are the principal point where ______ develops. a. Atherosclerosis b. Vascular resistance c. Endothelial relaxing factor d. Vascular capacitance #### 134. Image of a graph labeled "LV Pressures in Diastole", with an ECG below. The LV pressures in diastole are labeled #1, #2, #3, #4 and #5. Identify the phase of LV diastole labeled at #2 on the diagram. a. Atrial contraction b. Isometric relaxation c. Slow filling d. Rapid filling #### 135. An older patient has a normal cardiac output, a water hammer pulse and a blood pressure of 160/80. This suggests: a. Volume overload b. Aortic stenosis c. Arteriosclerosis d. High arteriolar resistance #### 136. In the venous pulse, fusion of atrial and ventricular contraction waves is called a/an: a. Cannon wave b. Dicrotic notch c. Elevated V wave d. Water hammer wave #### 137. Normally the END diastolic gradient between the PA pressure and the PAWP (wedge) is small (1-4 mmHg). What two conditions increase this gradient? a. Anaphylaxis and low cardiac output b. Chronic obstructive lung disease and high cardiac output c. Hypovolemic shock and cardiogenic shock d. HOCM and coarctation of the aorta #### 138. The first heart sound S1 is produced by: a. Closure of aortic and pulmonic valves b. Closure of atrioventricular valves c. The opening snap of atrioventricular valves d. The turbulence of blood entering the ventricles #### 139. Maximum LV dP/dT is a good measure of: a. Ability of the heart to increase CO on exercise b. LV contractility c. Aortic compliance d. LV-AO pressure gradient #### 140. End diastolic volume, end diastolic pressure and the length of the resting sarcomere are all measures of: a. LV contractility b. LV preload c. Afterload d. Valve competence #### 141. Identify this formula: ? = (AO-RA)/CO. Mean aortic pressure, minus mean right atrial pressure, divided by cardiac output is the: a. Left to right shunting formula b. Right to left shunting formula c. Pulmonary vascular resistance formula d. Systemic vascular resistance formula ### B7 - Contractility #### 142. The intrinsic ability of the heart to contract with a particular intensity is termed: a. Inotropism b. Dromotropism c. Chronotropism d. Psychotropism #### 143. End-diastolic filling or stretching of the ventricle is termed: a. Preload b. Afterload c. Inotropism d. Chronotropism #### 144. Which hemodynamic measurement most directly reflects left ventricular afterload? a. Wedge pressure b. Mean BP c. End diastolic volume d. LV contractility #### 145. LV contractility is a measure of the heart's ______ state. a. Chronotropic b. Barotropic c. Chemotropic d. Inotropic e. Dromotropic #### 146. Slight sinus arrhythmia occurs normally and is due to: a. Erratic pacemakers b. Occasional PVCs c. Occasional PACS d. Respiration #### 147. Which portion of the ECG represents the time when both atria depolarize? a. P wave b. P-R segment c. P-R interval d. P-T interval ### B8 - Vascular Anatomy #### 148. The abbreviation for an X-ray of the abdomen and kidneys (often shows excreting contrast) is: a. SMA b. IVP c. PFA d. KUB #### 149. Image showing the "Circle of Willis". A question mark highlights the artery on the left, and the internal carotid is on the right. Which of the following arteries is a source of blood for the circle of Willis? a. Pericollosal artery b. Basilar artery c. External carotid artery d. Hypoglossal artery #### 150. Saphenous vein grafts must be aligned antegrade to the flow of arterial blood because: a. If not, they become varicose b. If not, flow will be inhibited by valves c. They decrease in size over the length of the graft d. They are less prone to thrombus formation #### 151. The popliteal artery give rise to all of the following arteries EXCEPT the: a. Profunda b. Tibial arteries c. Dorsalis pedis d. Peroneal #### 152. The image shows a left ankle being palpated. What artery is palpated near the medial malleolus, as shown in the diagram? a. Femoral b. Popliteal c. Dorsalis pedis d. Posterior tibial e. Peroneal #### 153. Veins differ from arteries in that arteries: a. Have thicker walls b. Are more compliant c. Can hold more blood d. Have valves #### 154. Image of arterial and venous walls. The label points to the middle layer of the artery labeled #4. These two vessels run alongside each other and in opposite directions. Identify the inner layer of the vessel at #4 on the diagram. a. Venous media b. Venous intima c. Venous adventia #### 155. Image showing blood vessels in the neck labeled as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 along with the Aorta (AO). In this RAO view of the major neck arteries the artery labeled at #3 is the right ______ artery. a. Subclavian b. Common carotid c. External carotid d. Internal carotid e. Vertebral #### 156. Image showing the base of the heart from the back. The view of the heart has some features numbers: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Identify the cardiac structure labeled #3 in the diagram of the base of the heart seen from the back. a. SVC b. IVC c. LA d. RA e. LV f. AO