Reconstruction Era PDF

Unit 5 Lesson #1 ; Untangling the knot: Reconstructing America 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S Constitution Freedmen’s Bureau Immediately after the civil war -​ america enter the period called the period of Reconstruction (1865-1677) -​ 11 former confederate states are not yet re-g...

Unit 5 Lesson #1 ; Untangling the knot: Reconstructing America 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S Constitution Freedmen’s Bureau Immediately after the civil war -​ america enter the period called the period of Reconstruction (1865-1677) -​ 11 former confederate states are not yet re-given US statehood. -​ Each of them are required to accept new constitutional amendments first -​ The Federal government leaves Union Troops in the former Confederacy The period of reconstruction -​ A 13 year period saw NOrthern occupation of the former confederate states -​ 4 million ex-slaves enter the american society -​ Highlights the ideological differences between the North and the South The emancipation proclamation only freed the slaves in the confederate states. The congress is almost entirely northern people (Republicans) - We need to amend the constitution to ensure slavery illegal The 13th amendment finally gets rid of slavery expected for a crime committed After lincoln's death republicans kind of split into two -​ Radical Republicans: We must continue to fight for equality -​ Moderate Republicans: Slavery is in the past. we must continue forward on other issues. Thaddeu Stevens - We must uphold Lincoln’s legacy. Equality for all Americans 1866 - Congress passed an act that guarantees the rights of Black Americans in all states. Freedmen's Bureau: -​ Helped former slaves a new lifes. -​ Agency set up by the federal government (as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1866) -​ Confiscates land from whites and gives to former slaves -​ Provides health care -​ Builds schools to increase literacy in new black generations. After this is passed down by congress they need the president to sign it. Andrew Jhonson who is the president of the United States. This guy was racist so he didn't sign it. Congressman Stevens got into a fight with the president. There is a chance that the congress will override the president. The congress decides to reverse the veto from the president. They passed the law. The congress decides more needs to be done before we just welcome the South back to political power. 14th Amendment: -​ Guaranteed citizenship rights to all american -​ Legal rights granted to all citizens. -​ If you do something against the congress you will never be able to be a member of the congress or president (this was targeted towards the southerners.) Overrides the Dred Scott Decision. If the Southern states want their full political power back, they MUST adopt the 13th and 14th Amendments By 1868: 8 out of 11 states reluctantly agree to accept the 13th and 14th amendments Next they vote and Ulysses S. Grant becomes president 15th amendments: States cannot prevent citizens from voting (cannot stop black men from voting) Election of 1870 (midterms) Black members of Congress Over the next two decades over 16 Black men would serve in the U.S. Congress All elected as members of the Republican Party 1865 : 4 million slaves were enslaved 1870: Dozen of black men are elected to congress The federal governments enforces this by: Union Soldiers (Federal soldiers) stayed in the South and enforced these new amendments Lesson #3 ; Slavery By Another Name: The South Re-emerges -​ 3 Ways the South Rebuilds -​ Social and Petty crimes In 1865 slavery was abolished (13 amendment) The black codes get worse - the southern governments see an opportunity to expand a free labour force. By 1865 (20 years after the abolishment), every single former confederate state had a series of black codes. Crimes -​ Glancing at a white women -​ Insinuating a white person is lying -​ Demonstrating superior knowledge -​ Not addressing white fold as sir or mam -​ Speaking loudly in the presence of a white women Petty crimes -​ Breaking labour contract -​ Walking along the training tracks -​ Vagrancy After a decade or so after the civil war - the legal system was localized and the southern economy needed to be rebuilt. 1.​ Sharecropping: Plantation owners would hire black Americans to work on their farms. (Conditions were really bad and sometimes the workers were never paid) They couldn't leave because of the labour contract and you can't be unemployed(Vagrancy). When and if you leave you will have to walk through the train tracks. 2.​ Convict Leasing: If someone gets convicted, there would be stupid high fine if you can't pay the fine(no one could). They would have to work for companies(build railways and towns) They would work for around 12 hours 6 days a week and the death rates were really high. 3.​ Debt Peonage: Wealthy slave owners would offer to pay the fines of black people. Then the debt would be paid off by working at that person's plantation. (This contract would include things like you will be chained up at night and get wiped.) President Rosselvelt realized that this debt peonage looks a lot like slavery. Plantation owners would go up to the sheriffs and say they need more workers so the sheriff would go out and find black people that are commiting crimes and this would lead to debt peonage. President Rooseelvet shuts this down in the 1940 Lesson #3 ; The Land of Opportunity: America at the Turn of the Century -​ Immigration to America -​ The Gilded age -​ First and second wave of feminism 1870 - 1910 gilded age and the progressive era Gilded age is the rapid economic growth and individuals start making money, and America's population starts to grow. American western expansion = wealth. -​ Americans realizes that they are sitting on a lot of resources -​ More coal is discovered -​ Oil is first found. -​ America spends and invests in more railways Wall street investors emerge -​ Investor saw railways as a way to get rich -​ Many European bankers saw America as a great place to invest. - J.P. Morgan (monopoly man) The population grows -​ In the 1890 nearly 450,000 immigrant came to america and in 1910 over 1.1 million people came to america Up until 1890, 90% of american immigrant came from the uk or northern europe Now immigrants are coming from other parts of europe Many of the non-American passengers aboard the Titanic had hopes of immigrating to the U.S. American quality of life -​ Between 1880 and 1890 wages grew by 48% so America needed a massive workforce. -​ The American standard of living for industrial workers was much higher than europe. American cities like: Cleveland, Buffalo,Chicago and Pittsburgh start popping up. Due to the people getting richer there is going to be a class divide. Ellis Island -​ The place where immigrants gets processed -​ Some stayed for a few hours -​ Others a few weeks -​ It is believed that 40% of Americans ancestors went through Ellis island. In 1911 Future actor Ronald Reagan is born and after two years Hariiet Tubman died 1st wave of Women's suffrage -​ Upper to middle class white women advocated a pro-white mentality -​ Men are denying women fundamental rights The silent Majority -​ Women wanted their voices to be heard. -​ In 1848 a group of activists met in Seneca Falls, NY to sign a petition -​ Susan B. Anthony - Born to a Quaker family in 1820, In 1872 she was arrested for trying to vote, In 1878 she lobbied for an amendment giving women the right to vote. By the late 1800s early 1900s, millions had moved west. -​ 14th and 15th amendments caused the suffrage movement to gain stream -​ The newly settled west ended up being fertile ground for experiments -​ The south restricted voting -​ The East were weary of these new immigrants voting Wyoming is the first state to give women the right to vote, then Utah and Colorado follow up. The Second Wave of Women’s Suffrage -​ Much more focused on overall equality -​ Alice Paul - Founded the National Women’s Party Women’s suffrage parade in Washington (1913) -​ 10,000 people march -​ Hundred of men arrive to break up the parade March 1913 - Staged a 2 year long protest in front of the White House Woodrow Wilson orders police to arrest these protesters The great war - 1914-1918 Due to the world war 1, women gets there voting rights (August 18, 2020) The 19th amendment allows women to vote also known as Susan B. Anthony Lesson #5 : Isolation and Profit: America in the Great War Interventionists vs. Isolationists 3 Reasons America Went to War 28th US president Woodrow Wilson - election of 1912 World war 1 Raging - When war broke out in 1914, Americans were divided on what to do Avoiding the conflict in this war makes the americans really rich The sinking of lusitania - 128 americans are on board, and they bombs it | this angers woodrow wilson. Because of how angry the United States got Germany backed off. Wilson got re-elected because “he has kept us out of war.” January 1917: Germany sent a coded telegram to Mexico - if the US does not remain neutral we will form an alliance with you. However the British intercept it and crack the code. The British tell the Americans about this news. The germans start bombing the civilians and this angers america and the congress lets america join the war. 2 reasons that america joined the war 1.​ German returned to killing civilians 2.​ The Zimmerman telegram (coded message) 3.​ America’s Financial Interests. By 1917 America had the 17th biggest military in the world. America built an army really quick. When American troops arrive in war France gets really excited. American Navy tips the balance : US Naval support nearly destroys the German U boats. AMerican infantry added 4 million new soldiers. Lesson #6 : This Side of a Dust Cloud: The Dirty 30s -​ The New Deal -​ American Idiocracy -​ The legacy of the “Dust Bowl” 1920s America Nearly 700,000 died from the Spanish flu. The flapper girl craze takes over. Christian organizations made up of women started protesting against alcohol. The 18th and amendment allowed the prohibition of alcohol, and 21st amendment overruled it 14 years later. Us stock market crashed in October 1929 - this hit the middle and lower class so hard. The Great Depression Unemployment rate was 25% and even if you were lucky to keep your job wages fell by 43% and Homelessness was rampant across US cities. When people lost everything they owned due to the stock market crash they would resort to shanty towns -​ Shanty-towns where Americans experiencing homelessness were forced to go (Hooverville - this was to shame the current president Herbert Hoover) Lesson 7 : Fascism, Imperialism and America: The Beginning of World War 2 1930s Facism Age of Isolation Pearl Harbor By 1940 Hitler had conquered much of western Europe 1930s Facism : is an extreme ideology focused on racial superiority, a strong military and a powerful leader Facism was rising because of the treaty of versailles.