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# Pottery Pottery is one of the oldest and most widespread decorative arts, consisting of objects made of clay and hardened with heat. It includes vessels for holding liquids, plates, and bowls. Pottery is often used interchangeably with ceramics, and can also include industrial applications. ##...

# Pottery Pottery is one of the oldest and most widespread decorative arts, consisting of objects made of clay and hardened with heat. It includes vessels for holding liquids, plates, and bowls. Pottery is often used interchangeably with ceramics, and can also include industrial applications. ## Types of Pottery 1. **Earthenware or Terracotta:** Made from clay and fired at 1,700-2,100°F. 2. **Stoneware:** Made from clay and feldspar. 3. **Porcelain:** Made from kaolin (a special fine, white clay) and feldspar. ## Philippine Pottery ### 1. Manunggul Jar The Manunggul Jar is a secondary burial jar from a Neolithic burial site in the Manunggul cave of the Tabon Caves at Lipuun Point in Palawan. Dating from 890-710 B.C., it depicts figures on the lid representing the journey of the soul to the afterlife. It is considered a masterpiece of Philippine pre-colonial art, a national treasure (item 64-MO-74), and is housed at the National Museum of Anthropology. It's made from clay with some sand. ### 2. Burnay Jar Burnay jars are commonly used for storing water, grains, and fermenting local drinks (like Vigan's Basi wine and bagoong). Established in 1922, the process involves kneading clay with water and sand to prevent sticking. The jar is air-dried for several weeks, then fired for one day and night at 1,370 or 1,500 degrees centigrade. ### 3. Maitum Anthropomorphic Burial Jar These earthenware secondary burial jars were discovered in 1991 in Ayub Cave, Barangay Pinol, Maitum, Sarangani Province. Their anthropomorphic design (human-like) is particularly intriguing, showcasing facial features of early Mindanao inhabitants, giving emphasis to the Filipino belief in life after death. Dr. Eusebio Dizon, head of the archaeological team, noted the jars' unique character, sparking interest from archaeologists in other Southeast Asian countries (Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Burma, and Indonesia). Government and privately sponsored excavations have continued.