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# End-of-chapter Assessment ## Chapter Summary This document describes the digestive system. **1.** Food is composed of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. **2.** Carbohydrates and fats provide energy. Fats also insulate the body. **3.** Fiber helps to prevent constipa...

# End-of-chapter Assessment ## Chapter Summary This document describes the digestive system. **1.** Food is composed of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. **2.** Carbohydrates and fats provide energy. Fats also insulate the body. **3.** Fiber helps to prevent constipation. **4.** Proteins provide the building blocks for growth and repair. **5.** Vitamins and minerals are needed in small amounts to maintain a healthy body. A healthy and balanced diet, which includes proper amounts of nutrients, water, and fiber, is essential for well-being. **Digestive System Overview** The digestive system is a collection of organs working together to break down food into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. **8.** Food is moved through the digestive system by peristalsis, a wave of muscular contractions. **9.** The five stages of nutrition are: * Ingestion * Digestion * Absorption * Assimilation * Egestion **10.** Physical digestion is the mechanical breakdown of food into smaller pieces. It happens in the mouth and stomach. **11.** Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down food. It happens in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. **12.** Enzymes are chemicals that speed up chemical reactions without changing themselves. **13.** Absorption occurs when simple food molecules pass from the small intestine into the bloodstream. **4.** The large intestine absorbs water and stores waste material before elimination. **5.** Egestion involves removing waste from the body through the anus. **6.** The microbiome in the gut consists of various microorganisms, mostly bacteria. A healthy microbiome contributes significantly to overall health. The digestive system, in conjunction with the circulatory system, provides the body with necessary energy, materials for growth, and repair.