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# Relations **Big Ideas** **Africa** **Questions and Calculations:** 10. What percentage of available energy made it to the primary consumer level? 10.9% 11. What percentage of available energy made it to the secondary consumer level? 9.17% 12. What percentage of available...

# Relations **Big Ideas** **Africa** **Questions and Calculations:** 10. What percentage of available energy made it to the primary consumer level? 10.9% 11. What percentage of available energy made it to the secondary consumer level? 9.17% 12. What percentage of available energy made it to the tertiary consumer level? 9.6% 13. A wolf is also a large carnivore. When the 10% rule is applied to a trophic pyramid that contains a wolf as its apex predator, the kcal transferred to this level are around 1,200. Comparing this to the orca at 22,450kcal on this trophic pyramid, why do you think an orca would require more energy than a wolf? Because the orca is larger and uses more energy to move. 14. Identify some abiotic factors that could impact the organisms in this trophic pyramid. Water pH, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, natural disasters, temperature, pollution, or clarity. 15. Identify some biotic factors that could impact the organisms in this trophic pyramid. Humans, human impact, any organisms. 16. Identify the two nutrient cycles discussed in class. Carbon, Nitrogen 17. Which nutrient is cycled through photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Carbon **Calculations Involving Sea Otters and Killer Whales:** * **Female sea otter:** 23 kg x 1.81 kcal/g = 41,630 kcal/day * **Male sea otter:** 34 kg x 1.81 kcal/g = 61,540 kcal/day * **Average sea otter:** 51,505 kcal/day * **Female killer whale:** 51 kcal/kg x 3784 kg = 193,000 kcal/day * **Male killer whale:** 59 kcal/kg x 4870 kg = 287,331 kcal/day * **Average killer whale:** 240,165 kcal/day **Questions** 1. If killer whales fed only on sea otters, how many sea otters would one killer whale need to eat every day? 240,166 kcal / 51,505 kcal/otter = ~4.67 or approximately 5 sea otters/day 2. How many sea otters could one killer whale eat in six years (assume 365 days in one year)? 5 sea otters/day x 365 days/year x 6 years = ~ 10,950 sea otters 3. How many killer whales would be needed to eat 40,000 sea otters in one day, if they ate nothing but sea otters? 40,000 sea otters / 5 sea otters/killer whale = 8,000 killer whales