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# The Second Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution began in 1870. **Key Features:** * **Energy Sources:** Electricity and petroleum were the main energy sources. * **Industry Growth:** The textile industry's leadership decreased, while steel, chemicals, and electrical industries...

# The Second Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution began in 1870. **Key Features:** * **Energy Sources:** Electricity and petroleum were the main energy sources. * **Industry Growth:** The textile industry's leadership decreased, while steel, chemicals, and electrical industries flourished, particularly in the US and Germany. * **Transportation:** Improved steam ships, automobiles, and airplanes emerged. Communications saw advancements like the telephone, wireless telegraphy, and radio. * **Work Organization:** New work methods like Taylorism, assembly lines, and mass production were implemented. * **Business Structures:** Cartels, trusts, and holding companies emerged, allowing for large investments. Joint-stock companies and modern banks became significant investment players. **Spread of Industrialization:** * **Europe:** Belgium was the first European nation to industrialize. France followed, followed by Germany, which faced challenges until unification. Other countries like Denmark and Sweden also developed. * **USA:** Became a major industrial power. It had a productive agriculture, plentiful natural resources, a large domestic market, and quickly adopted technological innovations. * **Japan:** Industrialization started in 1868, driven by the Meiji era and focused on textiles and heavy industries. * **Russia:** Industrialization was late and heavily reliant on state investment and railroad construction. **Note:** The image also includes a table, but the content is not entirely visible. Further information would be required to include the table. The table appears to show steel production in millions of tons (t).