1.PNG

# Pain Management ## Assessment * The fifth vital sign * History * Precipitating factors * What makes the pain worse * Location of pain * How does client describe the pain? * How long has the client experienced pain? * Potential responses to pain ## Potential R...

# Pain Management ## Assessment * The fifth vital sign * History * Precipitating factors * What makes the pain worse * Location of pain * How does client describe the pain? * How long has the client experienced pain? * Potential responses to pain ## Potential Responses to Pain | ASSESSMENT | POTENTIAL RESPONSES TO PAIN | RESULT | |---|---|---| | Increased BP and heart rate leads to Increased blood flow to brain and muscles Rapid, irregular respirations leads to increased O₂ supply to brain and muscles Increased papillary diameter leads to increased eye accommodation to light Increased perspiration Increased muscle tension leads to increased neuromuscular activity Altered GI motility leads to nausea and vomiting Apprehension, irritability and anxiety Verbalizes pain | Enhances alertness to threats Preoccupation with painful stimulus | Increased visual perception of threats | | | Removal of excess body heat Musculoskeletal system ready for rapid motor activity and responsiveness | | | Altered metabolic processes Enhanced mental alertness to threats Communication of suffering and pleas for help | ## Diagnosis * Definition - "Whatever the person says it is, and it exists whatever the person says it does"