iot.pdf

Internet of Things 101 Engr. Rhou Ian A. Pigtain, ECT, ECE Ateneo de Manila University Department of Electronics, Computer, and Communications Engineering Seminar Overview Introduction to the Internet-of-Things IoT Architecture & Enabling Technologies Applications of IoT Challenges in IoT...

Internet of Things 101 Engr. Rhou Ian A. Pigtain, ECT, ECE Ateneo de Manila University Department of Electronics, Computer, and Communications Engineering Seminar Overview Introduction to the Internet-of-Things IoT Architecture & Enabling Technologies Applications of IoT Challenges in IoT implementation Emerging and Future Trends in IoT 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 2  Part 1 Introduction to Internet-of-Things 10/25/2024 Internet of Things 101 3  Definition Oracle - Describes the network of physical objects-’things’-that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. IBM - Refers to a network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other physical objects that are embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity, allowing them to collect and share data. 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 4 Definition Internet of Things (IoT) is defined as an ecology of physical devices (sensors, computers, etc.) and software communicating wirelessly over a common network, enabling a secured and seamless exchange of data and information processing. 10/25/2024 Internet of Things 101 5  Brief History of the IoT 1830s & 1840s – 1969 – ARPANET (Advanced Invention of the Research Projects Agency 1997 – RFID was Telegraph Network invented by Kevin Ashton 2000s – Modern Day 1950s – Invention 1980s – Dawn of Computing Era (MIT) of Digital Modern Internet Computers 1962 – DARPA 1973 – Birth of Early 1980s – 1999 - ‘IoT’ was coined 2010s – (Defense Advanced GPS First ‘IoT’ device was By Kevin Ashton (MIT) Smartphone Era Research Projects 1976 – Birth of made using a Coca- 3 June 1900 – Agency) GLONASS Cola Vending Machine First ‘Wireless at Carnegie Mellon Telegraphy’ University 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 6 Evolution of IoT – Getting Smarter Smart City Concept – the use of IoT to reduce waste and maximize the efficient use of energy. IoT can also be used to streamline traffic flows and locate available parking slots. 2012 – ‘Smart City Switzerland’ by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy Traffic Monitoring Air Quality Monitoring Smart Transportation Smart Parking Smart Public Lighting Smart Buildings 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 7 Internet of Things 101 Smart City Switzerland - https://houseofswitzerland. org/swissstories/science- education/switzerlands- smart-cities-valuable- export 8 10/25/2024 Evolution of IoT – Industrial IoT IIoT is an extension of the IoT – smart sensors and actuators are used in streamlining company industrial operations 2002 – cloud’s massive storage capacity was necessary for the realization of modern-version of IIoT 2010 – several large companies developed their own systems 2012 – GE coined the term ‘IIoT’ 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 9 Evolution of IoT – Integration to Daily Life 2013 – IoT became a system 2015 – IoT goes mobile, using multiple technologies integrates with smartphones Internet, wireless communications Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) Embedded Systems 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 10 IoT’s Importance and Impact on Society 1. Improved Efficiency 2. Better Insights 3. Increased Automation 4. Enhanced Customer Experiences 5. Societal Benefits 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 11  Advantages of IoT Operational Efficiency Revenue Opportunities Data-Driven Insights Enhanced Customer Experience Competitive Differentiation 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 12  Benefits of IoT Manufacturing Transportation Utilities Healthcare Retail 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 13 Internet-of-Things Architecture and Enabling Technologies Part 2 10/25/2024 Internet of Things 101 14 Layers of IoT Architecture Perception Layer Network Layer Middleware Layer Application Layer Business Layer 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 15 Perception Layer First Layer of the IoT Architecture Purpose – get information from surroundings and pass data to the next layer Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Cameras, Actuators, etc. 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 16 Network Layer Connecting Layer between the Perception and Middleware Layers Use of wireless network technologies to pass information EDGE, 3G, LTE, 5G, 5GNR, 6G LoRaWAN Bluetooth Wi-Fi/WLAN 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 17 Middleware Layer Storage, computation, processing, and action-taking capabilities from received data. Involves operations from basic automated ETL process to Artificial Intelligence applications (Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Neural Networks, etc.) 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 18 Application Layer Manages all application process based on the information obtained from the middleware layer Sending emails and notifications, automated warnings and prompt messages to police, fire stations, etc. 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 19 Business Layer Reports, flowcharts, graphs, analysis of results, insights, etc. 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 20 Key Components Sensors – physical devices that gather information from its surroundings Wireless Sensor Networks – no- contact interconnection of sensors towards a central node Actuators – physical devices that provides mechanical motion as response 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 21 25/10/2024 22 Microcontrollers, Microprocessors, and Microcomputers Wireless Communication Technologies 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 23 Wireless Communication Technologies – Peer-to- Peer Connection Bluetooth Wi-Fi Direct NFC 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 24  Low-Power/Short-Range/Low-Data Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE)/Bluetooth 5 Zigbee Z-Wave 6LoWPAN Wireless LAN Communication Wi-Fi Technologies – Long-distance Cellular Tech Mesh GSM/GPRS LTE Connection 5G Low-Power/Long-Distance LoRA/LoRaWAN NB-IoT LTE-M 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 25  Approximate Data Protocol Standard Frequencies Range Rates 600 Mbps maximum; 150-200 Based on IEEE 802.11 (common in 50 to 100 WiFi 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands Mbps the homes) meters most common Summary of 50 to 150 Bluetooth Bluetooth 4.2 core specification 2.5 GHz 1 Mbps meters 10 to 100 Zigbee Zigbee 2.0 based on IEEE802.15.4 2.4 GHz 250 Kbps Wireless meters Up to 256 MQTT ISO/IEC 20922 -- -- Mbps in size Communication Cellular Data GSM/GPRS/EDGE(2G), UMTS/HSPA(3G), LTE(4G) 900/1800/1900/2100MHz 35km max for GSM; 200km max for HSPA 35-170 Kbps Technologies Z Wave Z-wave Alliance Various 30 meters 0.3 to 50 Kbps 100-420 NFC ISO/IEC 18000-3 13.56 MHz 10cm Kbps 2.5km (urban environment), 0.3 to 50 LoraWAN LoRaWAN Various 15km (suburban Kbps environment) 30-50 km (rural environments), 10-10000 Sigfox Sigfox 900 Mhz 3-10 km (urban Kbps environments) 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 26  MQTT – Message Queue Telemetry Transport HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol Communication CoAP – Constrained Application Protocol Protocols XMPP – Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol FTP – File Transfer Protocol 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 27  Lightweight, low bandwidth networks Message Queue Allows communication between reliable and unreliable nodes Telemetry Transport Publish/subscribe architecture MQTT defines three levels of quality of service, depending upon the reliability, from lowest to (MQTT) highest: Level 0: there is no guarant ee of the message delivery. Level 1: the delivery i s guaranteed, but it is possible to receiv e duplicate messages. Level 2: the delivery i s guaranteed and there will be no duplicates. 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 28 Constrained Web transfer protocol used with limited networks with low bandwidth and low availability. Application Client/server architecture built like HTTP following REST model: servers have the data Protocol available with an URL, and clients can make GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE requests. 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 29 File Transfer Used in transmitting files Based in TCP/IP model, thus is not suited for Protocol battery-operated applications 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 30 Applications of Internet- of-Things Part 3 10/25/2024 Internet of Things 101 31  Domotics/Home Automations refers to a convenient home setup where appliances and Smart Homes devices can be controlled automatically or remotely with an internet connection and using a mobile or other networked device. Involves Heating, Lighting, Audio/Visual, Security. 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 32  Healthcare Systems Medicine Remote Patient Health Tracking Dispensers/Schedule Monitoring Applications Reminders 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 33  Agriculture Precision Farming Aquaphonics Hydrophonics Aerophonics Techniques 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 34  Industrial IoT Smart No-contact Manufacturing machines Processes 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 35  Challenges in IoT Implementation Part 4 10/25/2024 Internet of Things 101 36 Security challenges Lack of Data Encryption Vulnerability to network attacks Insufficient testing and updating Unsecured data transmission Brute forcing and risk of default Privacy concerns passwords Software vulnerabilities IoT malware and ransomware Insider threats IoT botnet aiming at cryptocurrency Inadequate device security Lack of standardization 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 37 Design challenges Interoperability Reliability Security Device Failure Device Security Network Connectivity Network Security Data Accuracy Data Security Power Consumption Privacy Battery Life Scalability Energy Efficiency Dara management Power Management Network Capacity Privacy Device Management Data collection Data Storage Data Sharing 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 38 Deployment Challenges Connectivity Security Cross platform capability Cost Data collection and processing Lack of skill set Integration Network Infrastructure Device Management Data Management 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 39  Emerging and Future Trends in IoT Part 5 10/25/2024 Internet of Things 101 40 Emerging Technologies Use of 6G Networks Use of satellite communications Artificial Intelligence Integration AI – overarching system Machine Learning – subset of AI Deep Learning – subfield of machine learning Neural Networks – backbone of deep learning algorithms 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 41 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Machines that mimic human intelligence and human cognitive functions, i.e. problem-solving and learning. Three (3) main categories of AI Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 42  Subset of AI that allows for optimization. Machine Classic ML or Non-deep ML depends on human intervention to allow a computer Learning system to identify patterns, learn, perform specific tasks, and provide accurate results. 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 43  25/10/2024 Machine Learning Types of Machine Learning Internet of Things 101 Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning Reinforced Learning 44  Subset of Machine Learning that automates much of the feature extraction piece of the process, eliminating some of the manual Deep Learning human intervention required. Used in larger data sets, thus referred to as scalable machine learning. 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 45 Neural Networks Also known as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) They mimic how the brain neurons work in terms of signaling one another. 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 46 AI vs ML vs DL vs ANN 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 47 Advancements in VLSI systems Very-Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems will play a big role in the future of IoT Smaller devices = more efficient, more powerful system. 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 48 Green Technology Harnessing of renewable energy to power IoT systems 10/25/2024 Internet of Things 101 49  “The mind that opens to a new idea never returns to its original size” – Albert Einstein Thank you and stay curious! 10/25/2024 Internet of Things 101 50 References https://www.dataversity.net/brief-history-internet-things/ https://www.britannica.com/science/Internet-of-Things https://hasonss.com/blogs/importance-of- iot/?srsltid=AfmBOoo2huN8DBLSNRL5psE9mmDxEiqrIZUp9EzNDuYYu0eBUzSTDbom https://www.internetsociety.org/iot/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwjsi4BhB5EiwAFAL0YC1miqjXn0ExGoh_TafBBd29f77Mc pkSdEKkfJ_RMaqXtpsCieN6vBoC0WgQAvD_BwE https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/5-layer-architecture-of-internet-of-things/ https://predictabledesigns.com/wireless_technologies_bluetooth_wifi_zigbee_gsm_lte_lora_nb-iot_lte-m/ https://research.aimultiple.com/iot-communication-protocol/ https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/internet-of-things-communication-protocols-iot-data-protocols/ https://predictabledesigns.com/wireless_technologies_bluetooth_wifi_zigbee_gsm_lte_lora_nb-iot_lte-m/ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/smart-home.asp https://ordr.net/article/iot-healthcare-examples https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/challenges-in-internet-of-things-iot/ https://blog.apnic.net/2015/10/20/5-challenges-of-the-internet-of- things/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwjsi4BhB5EiwAFAL0YLJGtz5S_d2w6Lc5UEy- Gl7lAik3cqLFNdQpZxL7_Jny9l3Uz5nM8hoCYysQAvD_BwE 25/10/2024 Internet of Things 101 51