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# 25. Which is a correct statement? - **Pleiotropy** refers to cases where a single gene locus affects multiple traits. - **Positive intersexual genetic correlations** promote the evolution of sexual dimorphism through sex-specific selection. - **Gradualism** = Evolution occurs in many small steps...

# 25. Which is a correct statement? - **Pleiotropy** refers to cases where a single gene locus affects multiple traits. - **Positive intersexual genetic correlations** promote the evolution of sexual dimorphism through sex-specific selection. - **Gradualism** = Evolution occurs in many small steps over generations. - Darwin uses Mendel's experiments with peas in his book "On the Origin of Species" (1859) to illustrate the importance of natural selection. - **Genetic substitution** = replacing one thing with another. - Fisher's central argument for the importance of mutations with small phenotypic effects on local adaptation is based on the probability of improved fitness through a mutation. - **Paedomorphosis** (Neoteny): juvenile characteristics persist into adulthood. - Complete metamorphosis with a pupal stage, and the resulting ability of larvae and imagoes to use different resources, reduces intraspecific competition. - Female scorpion flies (Panorpa, Mecoptera) assess the fitness of males based on the quality and size of the presented food offering. - The influence of Robert Thomas Malthus on Charles Darwin concerns selection for evolution. - **aDNA** is typically between 150 and 500 base pairs long and shows typical DNA damage, such as adenine deamination, which occurs over time in the aDNA double helix. - The Seilacher triangle describes the relationship between symmetry, segmentation, and articulation of bodies. It also describes the factors that influence structures. - A trait that is common in a population usually leads to increased fitness. - The Urpizza model of the origin of life offers a more reliable explanation for the energy supply of early living organisms compared to the primordial soup model. - Humans and chimpanzees are monophyletic (sister groups). - **Sympatric speciation** = speciation in the same habitat. - **Allopatric speciation** = speciation resulting from geographic isolation.