Non-Ruminant Production (ASH23203) PDF

NON-RUMINANT PRODUCTION ASH23203 ILMU DEMI FAEDAH INSAN By: Dr. Ahmad-Hanafi Lecture 1: INTRODUCTION TO NON-RUMINANT PRODUCTION Malaysia’s livestock industry is an important and one of the fundamental industries in the country's a...

NON-RUMINANT PRODUCTION ASH23203 ILMU DEMI FAEDAH INSAN By: Dr. Ahmad-Hanafi Lecture 1: INTRODUCTION TO NON-RUMINANT PRODUCTION Malaysia’s livestock industry is an important and one of the fundamental industries in the country's agricultural development. It provides: profitable employment, supplies the domestic requirements of meat, milk and dairy products to the population. The development of the industry will ensure the food security in the country and reduces dependency on meat imports.  Livestock industry in Malaysia comprises : 1) Ruminants 2) Non-ruminants. Currently, the ruminant sector which consists of beef and dairy cattle, dairy buffaloes, sheep and goats are still raised in small-scale. Favourable progress has been observed in recent years, but it is still unable to meet the local demand. Thus, Malaysia imports most of the needs of beef mutton and dairy products from abroad especially India, Australia and New Zealand to cater for the shortage. 6  Ruminant Livestock, which are included in the category of ruminants are Cattle Sheep Buffalo Goat Deer Ruminants sub-sector are in small-scale and generally produced by small-holder farmers. The industry is growing rather slowly in the 1996-2002 period, but began to grow rapidly in 2005-2012 period due to the efforts and initiatives of the government.  Lack of land resources High Expertise feed price The lag in this ruminant sector is normally associated Lack of with several Cheaper quality factors: import substitutes, breeds Disease Poor private- prevention sector and control involvement  Non-Ruminant The category of non-ruminants are: Chicken Duck Pig Eggs Non-ruminant industry is very progressive, large-scale production and its ex-farm or the value farm received contributed more than 80% of the livestock industry in Malaysia. Poultry meat and eggs dominate the local non-ruminants production and reached more than 100% self-sufficiency, followed by swine, which is consumed by the non-Muslim population. In contrast, the non-ruminant sub-sector such as poultry (broilers and eggs) and swine is well developed in terms of production capacity and technology. It has achieved high level of self-sufficiency (SSL). The sub-sector has achieved production scale and mostly commercially operated by large multi-national integrators. Nevertheless, there are also commercialized domestic producers and integrators who are also important players in the industry. Technology transfer and adoption have made it possible for non- ruminants to develop rapidly. Both poultry and swine are dominating the local livestock and internationally competitive for export and simultaneously decreasing the balance of trade for food commodities. Modern poultry facility However, a pertinent issue to the non-ruminant sector is it's heavily dependence on imported feedstuffs such as: cereal grains (e.g. soybean, maize), vegetables and animal proteins as ingredients in feed ration. The cost of imported feed ingredients is subjected to price variability and foreign exchange rates. This sector is also facing hygienic issues whereby the high concentration of animals within specific locations leads to water pollution and environment degradation. As far as diseases are concerned, the major threats to poultry are the avian influenza, while swine is susceptible to Nipah virus or the JE. The closed system for rearing has become compulsory for all farmers to mitigate any disease outbreak and the problem of environmental pollution. Livestock Self Sufficiency Level (SSL) Self-sufficiency level (SSL) can be defined as the ability of someone to supply his own needs without any aid from others. In the context of the livestock industry in Malaysia, SSL refers to the ability of the local production to supply the demand by localized If the percentage exceeds 100%, this consumers, and it is measured by shows the local production exceeds percentage. the local consumption. For example, if the local production of beef is only able to supply about 30% of the local consumption, the SSL for beef production is 30%. We produce > we consume or need Attachment in KeLIP 21 22 Poultry is the largest component of the animal sector in Malaysia The industry supplies domestic demand and also for exports, mainly to Singapore, Brunei DS, Hong Kong and Japan 23 Evolved from small back-yard operations into relatively modern, large-scale commercial operations. Factors: High-quality poultry breeds Highly efficient integrated production systems (GAHP) Competent veterinary services, biosecurity Regulation and enforcement in placed 24 Principle source of meat protein (cheap) because no dietary prohibitions among local culture and religious norms. Per capita consumption poultry products (among the highest in the world). 1970 - 80’s The Past – Those were the days -Breeds -Production system -Knowledge & Skill -Health & Diseases -Marketing -Poultry welfare 26 27 28 29 FUTURE TRENDS A B 31 Conventional house:1.2 sq.ft/bird Closed house: 0.8 sq. ft/bird Open house Increase Capacity Improve Biosecurity More Environmentally Friendly More Comfort to Chicken BROILERS – CLOSED HOUSE SYSTEM 33 LAYERS– CLOSED HOUSE SYSTEM 34 ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION 35  TRANSFORMATION OF POULTRY INDUSTRY INTERVENTION Disease free Market PAST status information FUTURE Shed near housing area Tech. Advisory GAHP Zoning & Unorganized farm Environment friendly Integrated Value-added Opened-house farming products Closed-house Pollution Cost effectiveness Ease in disease outbreak Improved productivity Heat stress Increased production Quality & safe products INPUT Land & utility Processing investment plant Farm Expert Infrastructure advice Automations 37 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES WAY FORWARD 41  POULTRY Producing feed locally to reduce feed import bill Sustainable farm practices (increase disease prevention practices) Towards reducing pollution by implement Close House System to the new farm Increase SSL towards 200% by 2027 42  PIGS Sustainable farm practices Increase disease prevention practices Reduce pollution 43