Urinary System Past Paper PDF

1. **What percentage of cardiac output is filtered by the urinary system per minute?** - **Correct Answer:** d) 21% - Choices:\ a) 5%\ b) 10%\ c) 15%\ e) 30% 2. **Which of the following ions is regulated by the urinary system?** - **Correct...

1. **What percentage of cardiac output is filtered by the urinary system per minute?** - **Correct Answer:** d) 21% - Choices:\ a) 5%\ b) 10%\ c) 15%\ e) 30% 2. **Which of the following ions is regulated by the urinary system?** - **Correct Answer:** e) All of the above - Choices:\ a) Na+\ b) Cl-\ c) K+\ d) Ca2+ 3. **What hormone does the kidney secrete to regulate red blood cell synthesis?** - **Correct Answer:** b) Erythropoietin - Choices:\ a) Renin\ c) ADH\ d) Aldosterone\ e) Insulin 4. **What is the main function of the urinary bladder?** - **Correct Answer:** b) Hold urine - Choices:\ a) Filter blood\ c) Produce hormones\ d) Reabsorb water\ e) Secrete waste 5. **Where does the filtrate first collect after passing through the glomerulus?** - **Correct Answer:** c) Bowman\'s capsule - Choices:\ a) Distal convoluted tubule\ b) Proximal convoluted tubule\ d) Loop of Henle\ e) Collecting duct 6. **The renal medulla is located in which part of the kidney?** - **Correct Answer:** b) Inner region beneath the cortex - Choices:\ a) Outer cortex\ c) Surrounding the renal capsule\ d) In the renal artery\ e) Within the ureter 7. **Which structure within the kidney is responsible for urine concentration?** - **Correct Answer:** c) Juxtamedullary nephrons - Choices:\ a) Ureter\ b) Renal pelvis\ d) Bladder\ e) Renal capsule 8. **What is the primary role of the renal cortex?** - **Correct Answer:** b) Blood filtration - Choices:\ a) Urine storage\ c) Hormone production\ d) Urine excretion\ e) Blood transport 9. **The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) represents the amount of filtrate produced:** - **Correct Answer:** c) Each minute - Choices:\ a) Each second\ b) Each hour\ d) Each day\ e) Each month 10. **What hormone increases water reabsorption in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?** - **Correct Answer:** b) ADH - Choices:\ a) Aldosterone\ c) Renin\ d) Erythropoietin\ e) Insulin 11. **Blood enters the kidney via which structure?** - **Correct Answer:** b) Renal artery - Choices:\ a) Renal vein\ c) Ureter\ d) Collecting duct\ e) Bowman's capsule 12. **The renal corpuscle consists of which two main structures?** - **Correct Answer:** b) Glomerulus and Bowman\'s capsule - Choices:\ a) Glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule\ c) Renal capsule and renal pelvis\ d) Loop of Henle and collecting duct\ e) Cortex and medulla 13. **The function of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) in the urinary system is to:** - **Correct Answer:** b) Increase water reabsorption - Choices:\ a) Stimulate urine production\ c) Increase sodium excretion\ d) Promote potassium secretion\ e) Lower blood pressure 14. **Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels?** - **Correct Answer:** c) Parathyroid hormone - Choices:\ a) ADH\ b) Aldosterone\ d) Erythropoietin\ e) Renin 15. **The micturition reflex is initiated when:** - **Correct Answer:** b) The bladder fills and stretches - Choices:\ a) Blood pressure increases\ c) The urethra is blocked\ d) ADH levels decrease\ e) Blood pH drops 16. **What is the normal urine production per day?** - **Correct Answer:** b) 1--2 L - Choices:\ a) 0.5--1 L\ c) 3--4 L\ d) 5--6 L\ e) 10--12 L 17. **The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs all of the following except:** - **Correct Answer:** c) Large proteins - Choices:\ a) Glucose\ b) Amino acids\ d) Sodium ions\ e) Water 18. **Which structure is directly involved in pH regulation by the secretion of hydrogen ions?** - **Correct Answer:** a) Distal convoluted tubule - Choices:\ b) Renal cortex\ c) Renal pelvis\ d) Ureter\ e) Bladder 19. **Which electrolyte is most abundant in extracellular fluid?** - **Correct Answer:** b) Sodium - Choices:\ a) Calcium\ c) Potassium\ d) Magnesium\ e) Chloride 20. **Which ion is primarily regulated by aldosterone in the nephron?** - **Correct Answer:** c) Potassium - Choices:\ a) Calcium\ b) Chloride\ d) Magnesium\ e) Phosphate 21. **Which part of the nephron loop is highly permeable to water?** - **Correct Answer:** b) Descending limb - Choices:\ a) Ascending limb\ c) Proximal convoluted tubule\ d) Distal convoluted tubule\ e) Collecting duct 22. **What type of tissue makes up the ureters?** - **Correct Answer:** c) Transitional epithelium - Choices:\ a) Simple squamous epithelium\ b) Stratified squamous epithelium\ d) Simple cuboidal epithelium\ e) Pseudostratified epithelium 23. **How does the body gain most of its water?** - **Correct Answer:** b) By drinking fluids - Choices:\ a) From metabolic processes\ c) Through osmosis\ d) From digestion\ e) From cellular respiration 24. **What is the primary purpose of the countercurrent multiplier in the nephron loop?** - **Correct Answer:** c) Establish an osmotic gradient - Choices:\ a) Produce glucose\ b) Reabsorb glucose\ d) Eliminate waste\ e) Increase blood flow 25. **The descending limb of the loop of Henle is primarily responsible for reabsorbing:** - **Correct Answer:** b) Water - Choices:\ a) Sodium\ c) Glucose\ d) Potassium\ e) Bicarbonate 26. **Which structure in the urinary system acts as a muscular reservoir for urine?** - **Correct Answer:** c) Bladder - Choices:\ a) Kidney\ b) Ureter\ d) Urethra\ e) Renal pelvis 27. **The filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle prevents the passage of:** - **Correct Answer:** d) Blood cells - Choices:\ a) Water\ b) Ions\ c) Small proteins\ e) Glucose 28. **Which hormone is primarily involved in sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys?** - **Correct Answer:** d) Aldosterone - Choices:\ a) ADH\ b) ANP\ c) Erythropoietin\ e) Renin 29. **What effect does ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) have on the kidneys?** - **Correct Answer:** c) Decreases sodium reabsorption - Choices:\ a) Increases sodium reabsorption\ b) Decreases water reabsorption\ d) Increases potassium secretion\ e) Increases aldosterone release 30. **Which of the following buffers the blood's pH?** - **Correct Answer:** e) All of the above - Choices:\ a) Renal system\ b) Respiratory system\ c) Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system\ d) Protein buffer system