Neurotransmission Notes PDF

1. Division of PNS which is responsible for controlled functions 2. Origin of the parasympathetic nervous system 3. Primary neurotransmitter of the postganglion postganglionic nic nerve fiber of SANS 4. Receptors of t...

1. Division of PNS which is responsible for controlled functions 2. Origin of the parasympathetic nervous system 3. Primary neurotransmitter of the postganglion postganglionic nic nerve fiber of SANS 4. Receptors of the parasympathetic n nervous ervous system 5. 6. Submucous plexus is also known as? 7. How many pairs of spinal nerve nerves es does P PNS NS have? 8. AKA efferent neurons. 9. Other name of parasympathetic NS. 10. Other name of Norepinephrine.  Column A Column B 1.. Pre-ganglionic Pre-ganglionic NT Ȃ Ach A. Parasympathet Parasympathetic tic NS 2. Post-ganglionic Post-g gang glionic NT NT Ȃ Ach Ach B.. Sympathetic B Sympath hetic NS 3. Pre-ganglionic fiber Ȃ Short C. Both 4. Post-ganglionic fiber Ȃ Long 5. Mydriasis Myddriasis 6. Bradycardia Brad dycardia 7. Hypotension Hypootension 8. Ejaculation 9. Autonomic Autonomiic NNervous ervous System Systeem 10. 10 0. Diarrhea 1. Sympathetic Nervous System ƒa.k.a ǤdzADRENERGIC system ƒNT- NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE ƒDz ‘”  Dzresponse 1 Synthesis 2 Storage 3 Release 4 Receptor binding 5 Removal of the neurotransmitter from the synaptic gap Synthesis of epinephrine 176 1. Diffusion 2. Metabolism 3. Reuptake 2. Metabolism Enzymes that inactivate NorEpinephrine **MAO (Monoamine oxidase) **COMT (Catechol-O-methyl transferase) Metabolites ƒ Are excreted in the urine ƒ Eg. Vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA), metanephrine, normetanephrine 3. Reuptake ƒ recaptured by an uptake system ƒ Pulls the NE back to the neuron ƒ Involves Na+/K+ ATPase  process example site action Action Local Nerve axons Block sodium potential anesthetics, channels; propagation tetrodotoxin,1 block saxitoxin2 conduction Transmitter a-Methyltyrosine Adrenergic Blocks synthesis (metyrosine)*** nerve synthesis terminals and adrenal medulla: cytoplasm Synthesis of epinephrine  process example site action Transmitter Reserpine Adrenergic Prevents storage terminals: storage, vesicles Depletes Synthesis of epinephrine process example site action Transmitter Tyramine, Adrenergic Promote release amphetamine nerve transmitter terminals Release Bretylium, Adrenergic Inhibit Guanetidine nerve release terminals Synthesis of epinephrine process example site action Transmitter Cocaine, tricyclic Adrenergic Inhibit uptake antidepressants nerve reuptake; after terminals increase release transmitter effect on postsynaptic Receptors 6-Hydroxy- Adrenergic Destroys the dopamine nerve terminals terminals Synthesis of epinephrine ƒ stimulate the sympathetic NS ƒ adrenergic agonist, sympathomimetic, adrenomimetic ƒ they mimic NE and Epinephrine ƒ act on one or more receptor sites ƒ Direct Ȃ acting ƒ Indirect Ȃ acting ƒ Mixed Ȃ acting 1. Direct-acting ƒ directly stimulate the adrenergic receptors ƒ stimulate the release of NE from the terminal nerve ending - amphetamine ƒ both - ephedrine SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RECEPTORS L LOCATION OCATION EFFECTS EFFE ECTS ‡ A Alpha-1 lpha-1 Blood ves vessels ssels Vasoconstrictio Vasoconstriction on Eyes Mydrias Mydriasis sis (ciliary (ciliary muscle musclle cconstriction) onstriction)) Sphincter C onstriction ± urinary Constriction urrinary retention Penis/seminal P enis/seminal vesicles Ejaculation Ejaculati ion Agonists Antagonists Antagonissts Nonselective Dipivefrin Diipivefrin Irreversible - Phenox Phenoxybenzamine xybenzamine - pprodrug rodrug of EPI; for glaucoma glauccoma Reversible Reeversible - Phentolamine,, TTolazoline olazoline Selective Sel lective Phenyllphrine Phenylphrine ³-=26,16´ ³-=2 26,16´ Phenylpropraanolamine Phenylpropranolamine Xylometazoline Oxymetazoline Midodrine Methoxamine Methoxamine SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RECEPTORS L LOCATION OCATION EFFECTS EFFE ECTS ‡ A Alpha-2 lpha-2 Neurons (CNS) (CNS) Inhibition of NE E release release Platelets Aggreg Aggregation gation Fat cells IInhibition nhibition of Lipolysis Lippolysiis Agonists Antagonists Antagonissts Nonselective Dipivefrin Diipivefrin Irreversible Phenoxybenzamine - Phenox xybenzamine - pprodrug rodrug of EPI; for glaucoma glauccoma Reversible Reeversible - Phentolamine,, TTolazoline olazoline Selective Sel lective Cloniddine Clonidine Yohimbine Yoh himbine Methyldopa Guanfacine Guanabenz SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RECEPTORS L LOCATION OCATION EFFECTS EFFE ECTS ‡ Beta-1 Heart Increased HR ((chronotropic); chronotropic); InInc. nc. fforce orce of contraction contractioon ((Inotropic); Inotropic); Inc. Innc. conduction velocity (dromotropic) veloocity (dromotrop pic) Kidneys Increase renin rennin secretion Agonists A gonists A Antagonists ntagonists Nonselective Iso Isoproterenol oproterenol All ³-2 ³-2/2/´QRWVWDUWLQJZLWK%($0 2/2/´QRWVWDUWLQJJZ ZLWK%($0 Selective Sellective Dobutamine Dobuttamine ³-2/2/´%($0 0 SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RECEPTORS L LOCATION OCATION EFFECTS EFFE ECTS ‡ Beta-2 Lungs Bronchodilationn Uterus Tocolytic Tocolyytiic effect effect Bladder R elaxation ± urinary Relaxation uriinary retention LLiver iver Increasee gglycogenolysis lycogenolysiss Agonists Antagonists Antagonissts Nonselective Iso Isoproterenol oproterenol All ³-2/2/´QRWVWDUWLQJZLWK ³-2/2//´QQRWVWDUWLQJZLWWK BEAM M Selective Sel lective ³-terol´ NONE N ONE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RE RECEPTORS ECEPTORS LOCATION L OCATION EFFECTS EFFECTS ‡ Beta-3 Fat cells Increase Lipolysis SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RE RECEPTORS ECEPTORS LOCATION L OCATION EFFECTS EFFECTS ‡ Dopa-1 Renal Blood Vessels Vasodilation Agonists Antagonis Antagonists sts Nonselective Do Dopamine opamine Sel lective Selective Fenoldopam Fe enoldopam SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RE RECEPTORS ECEPTORS LOCATION L OCATION EFFECTS EFFECTS ‡ Dopa-2 Neurons (CNS) Increase Dopamine release Agonists Antagonis Antagonists sts Nonselective Do Dopamine opamine Sel lective Selective Bromocriptine Br romocriptine Antipsychotics Ant tipsychotics Tyramine ƒ normal by-product of tyrosine metabolism ƒ metabolized by MAO ƒ inactive when taken orally because of a very high first-pass effect ƒ Beer ƒ Broad beans, fava beans ƒ Cheese, natural or aged ƒ Chicken liver ƒ Chocolate ƒ Sausage, fermented (eg, salami, pepperoni, summer sausage) ƒ Smoked or pickled fish (eg, pickled herring) ƒ Snails, red wine, Yeast Tyramine +MAO inhibitors= Hypertensive crisis  Norepinephrine Norepinepphrine llevels evels Atomoxetine Reboxetine Duloxetine Milnacipran Sibutramine Cocaine