Atomic Structure PDF

atomic structure Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g30mpd 1. neutron in nucleus, no charge 2. proton positive charge in nucleus 3. electron negative charge outside nucleus. 4. atomic number number of protons 5. atomic mass...

atomic structure Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g30mpd 1. neutron in nucleus, no charge 2. proton positive charge in nucleus 3. electron negative charge outside nucleus. 4. atomic number number of protons 5. atomic mass Number of protons and neutrons subtract protons from neutrons 6. how to find elec- same as protons trons 7. role of the quark building blocks of protons and nuetrons in atomic struc- ture 8. difference be- Isotopes are versions of a particular element that have dif- tween ion and ferent numbers of neutrons. Ions are atoms (or molecules) isotope that have lost or gained electrons and have an electrical charge. I 9. convert grams to divide by molar mass moles 10. convert moles to multiply number of moles by molar mass grams 11. Democrites everything is made of tiny particles surrounded by empty space. He called them atomos 12. Aristotle said that matter was made of four elements: earth, wind, water and fire 13. Dalton said common substances always broke down into the same elements. He concluded that the various com- pounds were combinations of atoms of different elements. 1/4  atomic structure Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g30mpd 14. Rutherford found that the atom is mostly empty space, with nearly all of its mass concentrated in a tiny central nucleus. 15. Bohr said electrons orbit the nucleus 16. Thompson discovered the electron and the chocolate chip cookie model he showed atoms as uniformly packed spheres of positive matter filled with negatively charged electrons. 17. Hiesenburg Werner Heisenberg showed it was impossible to deter- mine both the exact position and speed of electrons as they moved around an atom. 18. hyphen notation the mass number is written with a hyphen after the name of the element 19. ions vs isotopes isotopes have different nuetrons ions have diffrent elec- trons 20. the law of oc- Jhon Newlands noticed that when the elements were taves arranged by increasing atomic mass their properties re- peated every 8 times. 21. Mendeleev Mendeleev made the periodic table He predicted the properties of elements that had not been discovered. 22. Henrey Moseley arranged periodic table by numbere of protons. 23. periodic law when there is periodic repetiition of chemical and physical properties of elements when they ar arranged by increas- ing atomic number 24. lustrus shiny 25. malleable able to be hammered into sheet 26. ductile able to be drawn into wire 2/4  atomic structure Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g30mpd 27. valance elec- electrons in the outermost shell trons 28. non metals are dull brital and bad conducturs able to gain electrons reac- tive with each other. 29. semiconductors slow down electricity example silicon 30. Li-Fr alkali metals very soft and shiny one outer electron 31. Be-radium alkaline earth metals tend to be shiny and silveery white somewhat reactive 2 valance electrons 32. transition metals different number of valence electrons. 33. hallogens have seven valence electrons reactive 34. noble gasses 8 valence electrons oderless colorless monatomic 35. lanthanides first row at bottom. soft radioactive magnetic naturally on earth 36. actinides second bottom row soft radioactive 37. artificial trans- the transformation of atoms of one element into atoms of mutation another element as a result of a nuclear reaction, such as bombardment with neutrons 38. natural transmu- when an atom decays without any other particles (one tation thing before the arrow) 39. metaloid an element that has properties of both metals and non- metals 40. Metals Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat. 41. alkali metals any metal in Group 1A of the periodic table very reactive 42. 3/4  atomic structure Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g30mpd alkaline earth metallic elements in group 2 of the periodic table which are metals harder than the alkali metals and are also less reactive 43. lanthanide series the rare-earth elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71; having properties similar to lanthanum. 44. Actinides all are unstable and radioactive; first 4 found on earth, rest are lab made. 45. radioactive de- A spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly cay lighter nucleus. happens with emissions of particles and or electromagnetic radiation. 46. alpha particle 2 protons and 2 neutrons bonded together and emitted. +2 charge 47. beta particle 1 electron when it decays it changes one neutron to a proton. -1 charge 48. +1 charge same mass as electron but has a positive charge. 49. gamma ray no charge Y symbol very extreme and powerful electro- magnetic waves emitted as nucleus changes. 50. radioactive de- N = The remaining amount of the substance after time ttt. cay formula N0= The initial amount of the substance T=The time that has passed Thalf= The half-life of the substance (the time it takes for half of the substance to decay). 51. remember this radioactive decay 4/4