Epidemiology Past Paper PDF

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3 A correct answer B C D E S.n Question Option1 Option2 Option3 Option4 Option5 1 Identify Type of prevention: Prostate Cancer Screening Secondary prevention Primary preventio Tertiary preventionCombination of primCombination of secondary and tertiary 2 Identify Type of prevention: Physio- therapy and associated medical therapy, following a stroke Tertiary prevention Primary preventio Tertiary preventionCombination of primCombination of secondary and tertiary 3 Identify Type of prevention: Measles vaccination Primary prevention Secondary prevent Tertiary preventionCombination of primCombination of secondary and tertiary 4 Identify Type of prevention: Breast cancer and cervical cancer screening in women Secondary prevention Primary preventio Tertiary preventionCombination of primCombination of secondary and tertiary 5 For the following risk factor and health outcomes, identify whether it is necessary cause or sufficient cause: Skin contact with an open fire / Burn Sufficient Necessary Not necessary, not It is not the cause Both necessary and sufficient 6 For the following risk factor and health outcomes, identify whether it is necessary cause or sufficient cause: Measles virus / Measles Necessary Sufficient Not necessary, not It is not the cause Both necessary and sufficient 7 For the following risk factor and health outcomes, identify whether it is necessary cause or sufficient cause: Vibrio cholerae/ Cholera Necessary Sufficient Not necessary, not It is not the cause Both necessary and sufficient 8 For the following risk factor and health outcomes, identify whether it is necessary cause or sufficient cause: Smoking / Lung cancer Not necessary, not sufficient Sufficient Necessary It is not the cause Both necessary and sufficient 9 Identify following situation by letters A, B, C, D, or E: Usual time of diagnosis (Look at the Att #1) D B C A E 10 Identify following situation by letters A, B, C, D, or E: Exposure (Look at the Att #1) A B C D E 11 Identify following situation by letters A, B, C, D, B A C D E 12 Identify following situation by letters A, B, C, D, A B C D E 13 E Tithe term Match f ito the activity ithat(L bestkdescribes h it: compare frequency of brain cancer among anatomists with frequency in general population Risk factor Determinants Application Distribution Determinants and Application 14 Match the term to the activity that best describes it: mark on a map the residences of all children born with birth defects within 2 miles of a hazardous waste site Risk factor Determinants Application Distribution Determinants and Application 15 Match the term to the activity that best describes it: graph the number of cases of congenital syphilis by year for the country Distribution Determinants Application Risk factor Determinants and Application 16 Match the term to the activity that best describes it: recommend that close contacts of a child recently reported with meningococcal meningitis receive antibiotics Application Determinants Distribution Risk factor Determinants and Application 17 For each of the fractions shown below, indicate Rate Proportion Ratio Ratio& Proportion Proportion & Rate 18 h each For h iofithe fractions i shown i below, indicate Ratio Proportion Rate Ratio& Proportion Proportion & Rate 19 h each For h iofithe fractions i shown i below, indicate Proportion Ratio Rate Ratio& Proportion Proportion & Rate 20 For each of the fractions shown below, indicate whether it is a ratio, a proportion, a rate, or none of the three: Proportion Ratio Rate Ratio& Proportion Proportion & Rate 21 b Calculate f l i Rincidence cumulative i A from h diOctd f 1 to Apr bi1 (Look i 2022 at the Att #1) 3 1 4 6 7 22 Calculate Attack rate from Oct 1 to Sept 30 (Look at the Att #1) 4 1 3 6 7 23 Calculate point prevalence Oct 1 (Look at the Att #1) 6 1 4 3 7 24 Calculate point prevalence Apr 1 (Look at the Att #1) 7 1 4 6 3 25 In the country A, as a result of the provision of increase prevalence increase in incidendecrease in prevaledecrease in incidence 26 ff i di Calculate thebrelative risk for a population i i inh 100/25=4 100/25*100=400 25/100=0.25 100-25=75 27 Inhi h i idof 1,150 a survey f di women who gave birth d iin 468/1150*100 1150/468 468/1150-100 1150-468/100 1150/468*100 28 In 2001, 450 new cases of acquired 450/10000*100 450/10000-100 10000/450*100 10000-450*100 450*10000/100 29 i 2001, 200 In d fi new i cases dof hepatitis (AIDS) С were 200/1000000 1000000/200*10 1000-200*10 200/1000000-100 200*1000/10 30 d i of In the study h atherosclerosis, i d h 200 ofi the 259 d (200 / 259) x 100 (259 / 200) x 100 (200 + 259) / 100 200 / 259 + 100 31 di city A b has i di d d i of 50000. a population h f ll 5,000 Of these, 100/50000-5000 40/50000 1500/50000-1500 5000/50000 32 A city has a population of 50000. Of these, 5000 5000/50000 100/50000 1500/50000 40/50000 33 h thedidefinition In Y of hiepidemiology, hi i bl “distribution” Th refers to: All of the above When Where Who Agent, host, environment 34 In the definition of epidemiology, “determinants” generally includes: All of the above Causes Sources Risk factors Agents 35 Epidemiologic triad consists of all of the following except: Study of endemic diseases Host Environment Agent Time, place, person 36 Health surveillance is: Collection and interpretation of data Interpretation of d Monitoring program Collection of data Improvement of research methods 37 The term "iceberg phenomenon" in epidemiology means: That the registered incidence rate is lower than the true Prevalence of asymDiscrepancy of the Slow-developing, ha All of the above 38 When analyzing surveillance data by age, which of the following age groups is preferred? (Choose one best answer) Depends on the disease 5-year age groups 10-year age groups 1-year age groups Depends on the age 39 Information is presented correctly: The cumulative incidence of angina pectoris in persons older than 50 years in city N in 1998 was 18 per 100 population per year The incidence of sc The incidence of dyThe proportion of caPrevalence of two types 40 In the city of N. the total annual prevalence rate of long-term disease X in 1991, was 105.6 per 100 thousand population and in 1998 decreased to 70.4. The reasons for the low prevalence (choose all except one): The emergence of new drugs that lead to an increase in the life expectancy of patients with disease X Reducing the risk oIncreasing death raThe emergence of n All of the above 41 There were no new cases of Ebola virus in the United States from January 1, 1997 through January 1, 1998. Which of the following epidemiologic terms does this statement describe? Incidence Lifetime prevalenc Period prevalence Point prevalence Mortality rate 42 Which term best describes the pattern of Epidemic Outbreak Pandemic Sporadic Endemic 43 f h of If the prevalence dia disease has d b been l imore or less constant for the past ten years (i.e., new cases have been balanced by cures or deaths of prevalent cases), what would be the effect of a new program that reduces the incidence of the disease? It would increase prevalence of the disease It would have no e It would decrease pThe effect on preval It would decrease mortality of the diseas 44 If the prevalence of a disease has been more or less constant for the past ten years (i.e., new cases have been balanced by cures or deaths of prevalent cases), what would be the effect if a large number of healthy people immigrated into the population? It would decrease prevalence of the disease. It would increase pIt would have no ef The effect on preval It would decrease mortality of the diseas 45 Dengue fever is indigenous to certain regions of Africa, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Mosquitoes in these areas carry dengue fever and transmit it from person to person.Use the following choices for Questions: Endemic Outbreak Pandemic Sporadic Epidemic 46 In 2019 there was an outbreak of dengue fever in Hawaii, where the disease is not endemic. It’s believed an infected person visited the Big Island and was bitten by mosquitoes there. The insects then transferred the disease to other individuals they bit, which created what type of disease occurrence? Outbreak Endemic Pandemic Sporadic Epidemic 47 According to the World Health Organization, when cases of a disease are in excess of what we would normally expect to see. Outbreak Endemic Pandemic Sporadic Epidemic 48 By WHO definition “the occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behaviour, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy”. Epidemic Outbreak Pandemic Sporadic Endemic 49 Flu that spreading from person to person among students in MSI in December ( Look at the att #1) D B C A 50 Match the epi curve with the outbreak A B C D 51 dMatchi the i epi curve with the outbreak A B C D 52 Match the epi curve with the outbreak C B A D 53 d i i the table and provide proportion for calculation of attack rate.What is the attack rate among those who ate orange? (Look at the Att #1) Examine 45/100 4/16 10/11 46/184 5/100 54 Examine the table and provide proportion for calculation of attack rate. What is the attack rate among those who drank vodka? (Look at the Att #1) 10/11 45/100 4/16 46/184 5/100 55 Examine the table and provide proportion for calculation of attack rate. What is the attack rate among those who ate apple pie?(Look at the Att #1) 46/184 45/100 10/11 4/16 5/100 56 Examine the table and provide proportion for calculation of attack rate. What is the attack rate among those who did not eat orange? (Look at the Att #1) 5/100 45/100 10/11 46/184 4/16 57 A direct transmission includes which of the following? Droplet spread Vectorborne Airborne Vehicleborne Foodborne 58 An Indirect transmission includes which of the following? Vectorborne Droplet spread Direct contact Foodborne All of the above 59 Define active immunity The development of immunity from previous exposure to an agent before a vaccine or natural infection Immunity gained f Resistance of the enAcquired immunity All of the above 60 Define passive immunity Immunity gained from a person to person transaction The development oAcquired immunityResistance of the en Immunogenicity 61 The mode of transport of an infectious agent through the environment to a susceptible host is called a: Vehicle Reservoir Vector Carrier Agent 62 A study in which children are randomly assigned to receive either a newly formulated vaccine or the currently available vaccine, and are followed to monitor for side effects and effectiveness of each vaccine, is an example of which type of study? Experimental Observational Observational case Observational cross Not an analytical or epidemiologic study 63 The Iowa Women’s Health Study, in which researchers enrolled 41,837 women in 1986 and collected exposure and lifestyle information to assess the relationship between these factors and subsequent occurrence of cancer, is an example of which type(s) of study? Cohort Experimental Observational case Observational cross Not an analytical or epidemiologic study 64 British investigators conducted a study to compare measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine history among 1,294 children with pervasive development disorder (e.g., autism and Asperger’s syndrome) and 4,469 children without such disorders. (They found no association.) This is an example of which type(s) of study? Observational case-control Observational cohoExperimental Observational cross Clinical trial 65 For the following situation, identify what it reflects: The subjects were women enrolled in a health maintenance Organization. At 3 months, each woman was randomly given one of two types of new rotavirus vaccine. Two weeks later, the participants received a call from a nurse asking if they had any side effects. Experimental Observational cohoObservational case Observational cross Not an analytical or epidemiologic study 66 American investigators conducted a study to compare measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine history among 1,294 children with pervasive development disorder (e.g., autism and Asperger’s syndrome) and 4,469 children without such disorders. (They found no association.) This is an example of which type(s) of study? Case-control Cohort Experimental Cross-sectional Clinical trial 67 A study was conducted to investigate the effect of HIV infection on mortality among people in INDIA with TB. Individuals with TB were recruited from hospitals and their HIV status determined. They were then followed-up over ten years to compare mortality rates in the HIV positive group and HIV negative group. Cohort study Randomized contr Case-control Cross-sectional Ecological study 68 The measure of association used in a case-control study is: Odds Ratio Ecologic Correlatio Relative Risk Indigence Prevalence 69 If we have a hypothetical group of smokers (exposed) and non-smokers (not exposed), then we can look for the rate of lung cancer (event). If 17 smokers have lung cancer, 83 smokers do not have lung cancer, one non-smoker has lung cancer, and 99 non-smokers do not have lung cancer. (Look at the Att #1).Please, calculate the odds in the unexposed group 1/99 = 0.01 17/83 = 20.5 17/83 = 0.205 1/99 = 0.09 17/100 = 0.017 70 If we have a hypothetical group of smokers (exposed) and non-smokers (not exposed), then we can look for the rate of lung cancer (event). If 17 smokers have lung cancer, 83 smokers do not have lung cancer, one non-smoker has lung cancer, and 99 non-smokers do not have lung cancer. (Look at the Att #1). Please, calculate the odds ratio 0.205/0.01=20.5 17/83 = 0.205 1/99 = 0.09 1/99 = 0.01 17/83 = 20.5 71 Imagine that the incidence of gun violence is compared in two cities, one with relaxed gun laws (A), the other with strict gun laws (B). In the city with relaxed gun laws, there were 50 shootings in a population of 100,000 and in the other city, 10 shootings in a population of 100,000. What is the relative risk of gun violence in the city with relaxed gun laws (A)? 5.0 0.2 10 50 0.1 72 Imagine that the incidence of gun violence is compared in two cities, one with relaxed gun laws (A), the other with strict gun laws (B). In the city with relaxed gun laws, there were 50 shootings in a population of 100,000 and in the other city, 10 shootings in a population of 100,000. What is the relative risk of gun violence in the city with strict gun laws (B)? 0.2 5.0 10 50 0.1 73 Consider the treatment of patients with OR = (a/b)/(c/d) = OR = (a/b)-(c/d) = OR = (a/b)/(c/d) = OR = (a/c)/(c/d) = OR = (a/c)/(b/d) = 74 d Consider dithe i treatment d b of patients h l with ( =/ (152 OR )/( × 103)/ / )(17 × ( =/ (152 OR )/( - 103)/ / ) OR ( =/ (152 )/( / 103)+ / ) OR ( =/ (152)/( × 103)+ / ) (OR =/ (152 )/( + 103)/ / ) 75 Which of the following is an advantage of a case-control study? It may be used to study Multiple disease Dependence on It is possible to There is little or no 76 What is the measure of association for a case-control study? Odds ratio Relative risk prevalence Confidence interval incidence 77 A study was carried out to find out association between Hypertension and Stroke. The risk ratio in this study is: (Look at the Att #1) (60/60+40)/(25/25+75)= B. (60/100+40)/(25/100+760/60+25)/(40/40+75) (60*75)/(25*40)= (60*40)/(25*75)= 78 A study was carried out to find out association between Hypertension and Stroke. The Odd ratio in this study is: (Look at the Att #1) (60*75)/(25*40)= B. (60/100+40)/(25/100+760/60+25)/(40/40+75) (60/60+40)/(25/25+75 (60*40)/(25*75)= 79 A study was carried out to find out association between Hypertension and Stroke. The Relative risk in this study is: (Look at the Att #1) (60/60+40)/(25/25+75)= B. (60/100+40)/(25/100+760/60+25)/(40/40+75) (60*75)/(25*40)= (60*40)/(25*75)= 80 A study was carried out to find out association between Obesity and Diabetes type 2, The Odd ratio in this study is: (Look at the Att #1) 85*75/25*15 85/15*25/75 (85/85+15)/(25/25+7 (85/85+25)/(15/15+7585*25/75*15 81 A study was carried out to find out association between Obesity and Diabetes type 2, The Relative Risk in this study is: (Look at the Att #1) (85/85+15)/(25/25+75)= 85/15*25/76 85*75/25*16 (85/85+25)/(15/15+7585*25/75*16 82 A study was carried out to find out association between Obesity and Diabetes type 2, The Risk ratio in this study is: (Look at the Att #1) (85/85+15)/(25/25+75)= 85/15*25/77 85*75/25*17 (85/85+25)/(15/15+7585*25/75*17 83 Priority areas of application of cohort epidemiological studies are Different effects of one cause in one study Rare diseases One consequence o All of the above Chronic disease 84 A cohort study differs from a case-control study in that: Subjects are enrolled or categorized on the basis of their exposure status in a cohort study but not in a case-control study Subjects are asked Cohort studies requCohort studies are c neither above 85 Researchers conduct analytical study of Case-control Cohort Clinical trial Experimental study 86 A harmlessi inactive h d i offered substance l d d under the guise of a drug that does not differ from it in appearance, smell, texture, is called: Placebo Analog of the studi Homeopathic medi Supplement Randomization 87 A study in which the patient does not know and the doctor knows what treatment the patient is receiving is called: Single blind Triple blind Double blind Placebo-controlled It is impossible for any type of study 88 In this regard, it can be argued that in a randomized controlled trial, patients receiving a placebo are not deceived (do not receive proper treatment): Sign the "Informed consent of the patient" (where his consent to the use of placebo is provided) The attending physPlacebo has no har Sign consent for ho Sign consent for discharge 89 Researchers recruited 100 participants with Stroke Statins Other disorders CVD Diabetes 90 Researchers irecruited i 100 h i li d with participants ih Case-control Cohort Cross-Sectional Clinical trial Ecological 91 Researchers irecruited i 100 h i li d with participants ih OR RR Percentage Proportion Attributable risk 92 Researchers recruited 100 participants with A, B,C,D=6, 4, 44, 46 A, B,C,D=6, 46, 44, 4A, B,C,D=6, 4, 50, 50 A, B,C,D=4, 6, 46, 44 A, B,C,D=4, 6, 50, 50 93 CVD 50 Researchers irecruited i 100 h i li d with participants ih 6*46 / 4*44 4*46 / 6*44 50 / 4*44 6/6+4 / 44/44+46 6/50 / 4/100 94 Researchers iinterviewed i h patients. 200 i li d100 ih Alcohol consumption Diabetes CVD Other disorders Association 95 i i Researchers h i 200 interviewed li dpatients. i h di 100 Diabetes Alcohol consumpti CVD Other disorders Association 96 Researchers interviewed 200 patients. 100 Cross-Sectional Case-control Cohort Clinical trial Ecological 97 i i Researchers h i 200 interviewed li dpatients. i h di 100 OR RR Percentage Proportion Attributable risk 98 i i Researchers h i 200 interviewed li dpatients. i h di 100 A, B,C,D=18, 2, 82, 98 A, B,C,D= 18, 82, 2, A, B,C,D= 18, 2, 20, 1A, B,C,D= 5, 45, 5, 45 A, B,C,D= 98,8 2, 2, 18 99 Researchers interviewed 200 patients. 100 18*98 / 2*82 18/ 100 18*10 / 200*82 18/ 18+2 / 82/ 82+98 18/ 2*82 100 Researchers recruited 100 HIV positive Followed antiretroviral regimen AIDS HIV Did not follow antireAntiretroviral therapy 101 i i Type50 Identify f h of prevention: i Education l f ll d about healthy and safe habits among participants with diabetes in order to diabetic foot Tertiary prevention Secondary prevent Primary preventionCombination of primCombination of secondary and tertiary 102 Identify Type of prevention: Rubella immunization Primary prevention Secondary prevent Tertiary preventionCombination of primCombination of secondary and tertiary 103 Identify Type of prevention: High blood pressure screening among people older than 50 Secondary prevention Primary preventio Tertiary preventionCombination of primCombination of secondary and tertiary 104 Identify Type of prevention: Vaccination against cervical cancer Primary prevention Secondary prevent Tertiary preventionCombination of primCombination of secondary and tertiary 105 For the following risk factor and health outcomes, identify whether it is necessary cause or sufficient cause: Treponema pallidum / Syphilis Necessary Sufficient Not necessary, not It is not the cause Both necessary and sufficient 106 For the following risk factor and health outcomes, identify whether it is necessary cause or sufficient cause: Alcohol consumption / Cirrhosis Not necessary, not sufficient Sufficient Necessary It is not the cause Both necessary and sufficient 107 For the following risk factor and health outcomes, identify whether it is necessary cause or sufficient cause: HIV infection / AIDS Necessary Sufficient Not necessary, not It is not the cause Both necessary and sufficient 108 For the following risk factor and health outcomes, identify whether it is necessary cause or sufficient cause: A gene mutation associated with Tay-Sachs Necessary Sufficient Not necessary, not It is not the cause Both necessary and sufficient 109 Identify following situation by letters A, B, C, D, D B C A E 110 Identifyi following f i situation byi letters ( k A, B, h C, D, B A C D E 111 Identify following situation by letters A, B, C, D, B A C D E 112 Identify following situation by letters A, B, C, D, A B C D E 113 E Tithe term Match f T to the activity i i (L that bestkdescribes h it: tabulate the frequency of clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings among children with chickenpox in ХХХ Distribution Determinants Application Risk factor Determinants and Application 114 Match the term to the activity that best describes it: Graph the number of malaria cases by year for the country Distribution Determinants Application Risk factor Determinants and Application 115 Match the term to the activity that best describes it: mark water sources on the map within 2 miles of reported cases of cholera Distribution Determinants Application Risk factor Determinants and Application 116 Match the term to the activity that best describes it: describing demographic characteristics of an affected population Distribution Determinants Application Risk factor Determinants and Application 117 For each of the fractions shown below, indicate whether it is a ratio, a proportion, a rate, or none of the three: Rate Proportion Ratio Ratio& Proportion Proportion & Rate 118 b For each f the fractions of l i ishown below, h di d f indicate bi whetheri it is a ratio, a proportion, a rate, or none of the three: Ratio Proportion Rate Ratio& Proportion Proportion & Rate 119 b For each f the fractions of i shownhbelow,di d indicate f biwhether i it is a ratio, a proportion, a rate, or none of the three: Ratio Proportion Rate Ratio& Proportion Proportion & Rate 120 For each of the fractions shown below, indicate whether it is a ratio, a proportion, a rate, or none of the three Ratio Proportion Rate Ratio& Proportion Proportion & Rate 121 Calculate point prevalence Sept 30 (Look at the Att #1) 5 1 4 3 7 122 Calculate cumulative incidence from June 1 to August 30 (Look at the Att #1) 7 6 1 9 3 123 Calculate cumulative incidence from July 1 to August 30(Look at the Att #1) 1 6 7 9 3 124 Calculate cumulative incidence from June 1 to July 1 (Look at the Att #1) 6 7 1 9 3 125 The mortality rate will be high if: the prevalence of the disease and its mortality is high the prevalence of t the prevalence of thprevalence and mortality of this disease is low 126 City A has population of 3500, April 2000. 12/ 3500-15 12/3500 12/ 3500+15 12+10 / 3500 27 / 3500 127 Cityi A hasdpopulation i of i3500, h April i i2000. i 12/ 3500-15 15/3500-12 15/ 3500+12 12+15 / 3500 15 / 3500 128 City A has population of 3500, April 2000. 25/ 3500-15 15/3500-45 15 / 3500 25+15 / 3500 25 / 3500 129 R Cityi A hasdpopulation 15 i of i3500, h h April i li 2000. 20 / 3500 50 / 3500 50/ 2500-50 50+20 / 3500 50/3500-20 130 Cityi A hasdpopulation i of i3500, h b April ll 2000. i 15 / 3500 40/3500-15 40/ 2000 15/2000 40 / 3500 131 Cityi A hasdpopulation i of i3500, h April 2000. i 50+25 / 3500 50/3500-25 25/ 3500-25 25 / 3500 25 / 3500 132 City A has population of 3500, April 2000. 5 / 3500 20 / 3500 20/ 3500-20 20+50 / 3500 20/3500-5 133 R iobjectives The d 20 of iepidemiology, ih inl particular, F b 1 include all except one: Development of various means and methods to combat the spread of diseases Identifying the cau Disease descriptionMorbidity forecast f All of the above 134 Indicator (cumulative) incidence reflects all except one: Risk of persons belonging to any population group to be sick with a certain disease New cases of a certThe average risk of The proportion of peAll of the above 135 Prevalence (prevalence, morbidity) - a type of morbidity indicator reflecting: In any population group for a certain time, in a given territory, all cases of this disease, regardless of the time of occurrence Risk of infection amRisk of chronic infeFor a certain time thMorbidity forecast for a certain period of questions from the block 136 What is the numerator of Prevalence? Number of all cases of disease Number of new casNumber of populat Number of death ca The average risk of contracting a particular disease of persons belonging to any population group, for a certain time, in a given territory 137 What is the numerator of Incidence? Number of new cases of disease Number of all case Number of populat Number of death ca The average risk of contracting a particular disease of persons belonging to any population group, for a certain time, in a given territory 138 True about prevalence are all, except: Rate Specifically for all Point prevalence Prevalence of two tyAll of the above 139 Which of the following is classifies the Descriptive Epidemiology Analytic EpidemiologEnvironmental EpiExperimental study Ecological study 140 Which of the following is an example of a type of descriptive epidemiologic study? Case Reports Case-Control Study Cohort Study Cross-sectional study Ecological study 141 Which of following term that refers to the Race and socioeconomic status? Person Variables Secular Trends Clustering Nativity Community 142 Which of following terms describe a disease sporadic endemic epidemic pandemic zoonotic 143 h Malaria, usuallyl no more d dl than 1 cases per month in District 12; last week, 7 cases outbreack Epidemic Pandemic Sporadic Cluster 144 “An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people” Pandemic Outbreak Endemic Sporadic Epidemic 145 The influenza (flu) of 1918-1919 killed between 20 and 40 million people. It is one of the most devastating disease occurrence in recorded world history. What is it? Pandemic Outbreak Endemic Sporadic Epidemic 146 When the disease consistently present at a low level but limited to a particular region or population. Endemic Outbreak Pandemic Sporadic Epidemic 147 A disease which spreads rapidly, affecting a large number of people within a community, population or region Endemic Outbreak Pandemic Sporadic Epidemic 148 Which term best describes the pattern of Outbreak Endemic Pandemic Sporadic Epidemic 149 Match the epif curve h di with the outbreak db l i