Fire Safety Management BE6810 Past Paper PDF

School of Architecture & the Built Environment **Fire Safety Management BE6810** **9.0 [IN PLACE PROTECTION]** **Learning Outcomes** **At the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:** - **Define IPP.** - **Review cases of implementation of IPP.** - **Distinguish type of public pro...

School of Architecture & the Built Environment **Fire Safety Management BE6810** **9.0 [IN PLACE PROTECTION]** **Learning Outcomes** **At the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:** - **Define IPP.** - **Review cases of implementation of IPP.** - **Distinguish type of public protection action.** - **Appreciate the advantages of IPP.** - **Develop IPP plan.** - **Explain the procedure to conduct IPP drills.** **9.1 [Introduction]** **9.2 [What is IPP?]** In-Place Protection involves: - - - **[Turning off]** ventilations systems. - **[Sealing]** all doors and windows with masking tape. **Case Study** IPP implemented in past incidents.... [Lake Charles, Louisiana, Aug 27, 2020] Incident - Chlorine release due to fire at a chemical plant. Lessons - Residents within the affected area were instructed to stay indoors. No fatalities or injuries due to the chemical fire were reported. [Atchison, Kansas on Oct 21, 2016] Incident -- Mixing of incompatible chemicals resulting in the release of chlorine cloud. Lessons - Thousands of community members ordered to shelter-in-place. Some who were outdoors and exposed to the chemical sought medical attention due to headache and sore throat. Therefore, it was safer to stay indoors. **9.3 [Public Protection in the Event of an Emergency]** In the event of emergency, the public protection action will generally take two forms: - Evacuation -- executed through the *Emergency Evacuation Plan*. - IPP -- executed through the *In-Place Protection Plan*. **[Why implement IPP?]** - In the event of a hazardous release, which may arise either from terrorist attacks or even industrial accidents, it is critical to determine what is the most appropriate protective action to adopt to safeguard the lives of the affected population. - Where circumstances permit, the affected population should be evacuated in a co-ordinated manner away from the dangerous environment. - However, hazardous release often occur instantaneously resulting in short reaction time. Under such circumstances, the most viable option would be to seek protection in-doors wherever you are and therein lies the concept of IPP. - In the case of non-residential premises like factories or offices, where buildings often differ in structure and specifications, there is a need for a proper IPP plan that is customised to each building\'s unique features. - The plan should be updated and practised regularly, to help familiarise and safeguard its building occupants in the event that IPP is activated. **9.4 [Announcement in Event of Emergency]** You will be notified by the authority to adopt IPP when the need arises through: - Public Warning System (PWS) - a network of sirens placed at strategic locations across Singapore. - Radio and TV - broadcast will be aired via the local free-to-air radio and TV stations.  - SMS-based Public Alert System - SGSecure mobile app - Door to door notification - Loudhailers **9.5 [IPP Room]** It is important to designate a room for IPP. The room should preferably be: - An \_**[inner room\*]** that offers some protection against ordinary explosions. - Large enough for the **[expected number of occupants]** so that the air in it will last for as long as required. - IPP is expected to be observed for only a few hours. - One with few openings and windows that will require sealing. - One without wall mounted air conditioners as they are difficult to reach and seal properly. - Equipped with an attached bathroom and water supply. **9.6 [IPP Kit]** The IPP kit ***[(to be stored in the pre-selected room)]*** includes: - rolls of wide adhesive sealing tape (e.g. masking tape). - scissors. - sheets of plastic or trash bags, **[trimmed to fit]** windows and vents in the pre-selected room for IPP. - a portable battery operated radio and **[extra batteries]**. - optional items: - torchlight, bottled water (if there is no water supply in the IPP room) - non-perishable food (e.g. **sufficient for at least one meal)** - TV - Radio **9.7 [IPP Procedures]** The basic steps are: - Close windows and doors and turn off machinery and lights to minimise heat generation. - Turn off all air handling equipment (e.g. air conditioning). - Go to a pre-determined IPP room (or rooms). - Seal any obvious gaps around windows, doors and vents with masking tape and cover with plastic sheets. - Turn on a TV or radio and listen for further instructions. - Upon the termination of IPP drills, open windows and doors, turn on ventilation systems to ventilate the room(s). **9.8 [Advantages of IPP]** - Provides protection immediately after warning. - Little preparation time is required to seal the room. - Ideal life support system in place (e.g. familiar surroundings, availability of water, medicine, food and communication). - **[Reduce potential exposure]** to toxic fumes. - Best suited for occupants who are physically challenged (hospital, aged homes, etc.) **9.9 [Developing an IPP ]** There are three steps involved in the development of an IPP: **9.9.1 Building Survey (Know your building or work premises)** The purpose of the survey is to gather information relating to the air conditioning and ventilation system, communications system. It should include: - location of air-handling units (AHUs); - type of filtration systems; - location of fresh air intakes; - air flow routes (e.g. ducting for supply, return air etc.); - list of switches that control the air handlers, fresh air fans etc. (e.g. fire command centre, Building Automation System- commercial premises) - any emergency voice communication (EVC) or public address (PA) system; and - any suitable "safe rooms" in the building (e.g. industrial building) that may be used as the IPP room. **9.9.2 Draw up a IPP plan** - The objectives of a IPP plan are to safeguard human lives in the event of hazardous release and to establish duties and responsibilities to ensure systematic and orderly implementation. - The IPP plan should include step-by-step instructions to deactivate systems (intake and - The SCDF provides a sample template for the preparation of the IPP Plan is available on this *[Link](https://www.scdf.gov.sg/docs/default-source/scdf-library/ipp_guideline_template_non-res_bldg.pdf).* **9.9.3 IPP Drill** - Conduct IPP drill **[at least once a year]**. - All occupants should participate in the drill. Updated: 3 June 2023 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_