Dimensions Of Physical Education PDF

DIMENSIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION INTRODUCTION Physical Education aims at developing students’ physical competence and knowledge of movement and safety, and their ability to perform a wide range of activities associated with the development of an active and healthy lifestyle. Further it deve...

DIMENSIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION INTRODUCTION Physical Education aims at developing students’ physical competence and knowledge of movement and safety, and their ability to perform a wide range of activities associated with the development of an active and healthy lifestyle. Further it develops students’ confidence and generic skills, like collaboration, communication, creativity, critical thinking and aesthetic appreciation and together provide a good foundation for students’ lifelong and life-wide learning. Physical education is one of the developing fields of educational study as well as the profession. A career in physical education can make way for a vast range of career options; from being a part of the chosen sport, health clubs, sports good manufacturer, marketing, commentator, sports journalism, trainer, and many other related options. 1.1 CAREERS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION In this changing world the value for a healthy lifestyle and wellness is growing, playing sports in schools is no longer should be a hobby, however, sticking around fitness and pursuing a career in physical education is possible. Physical education being one of the dynamic fields provides numerous opportunities for diverse career options and explores to a range of careers in sports and fitness as well as other industries that you may not have identified before. With diverse opportunities, careers in physical education can be divided into following categories: ▪ Teaching or Coaching: One of the emerging career options in physical education is teaching and coaching, it includes teaching of Health and Physical Education subject in various educational institutes and offering Coaching for different sports and games. Some of the categories are detailed below: Teaching PRT TGT PGT Lecturer/ Associate Head of the School Trained Post Assistant Professor/ Institute Teacher Graduate Graduate Professor Reader Teacher Teacher  Physical education offers Bachelor’s course in Physical Education such as B.P.E.S, B. Sc in Physical Education, Health Education and Sports and B.P.E., student is eligible as a Trained Graduate Teacher in Government and Private Schools till 10th standard after completing B. P. Ed. M. P. Ed (Master in Physical Education) is a 2 year degree course and students are eligible to work as a Post graduate teacher who can teach till 11th and 12th standard. For higher education, if students go for Ph. D degree then she/he is eligible for Lecturer/ Assistant Professor in College or Universities but he/she has to clear National Eligibility Test. Coaching State/ School/ Training Stadiums/ Specialized Govt./ Pvt National/ Colleges/ Academies Stadia Elite Institutions Indian University Centre Team Coach Students who have an interest in coaching field can also pursue their career in professional coaching. A specialized coaching program conducted by Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports (NSNIS) offers specialized coaching programs for sportspersons. After doing the coaching program a student is eligible to work in Private and Government institutions/ Colleges/ Universities/ Academies and other non-profit organizations (NGOs)  ▪ Health and Fitness Related careers Health Sports Fitness/Gym Sports Sports Aerobics Yoga and Nutritionist/ Instructor Physiotherapist Psychologist Naturopathy Dietician Health and sports related careers related to Physical Education are those careers which are connected with Physical Education, directly or indirectly. Some of these career lines are quite important for Physical Education and play a very important role in physical development of an individual or group of individuals, involved in sports and games. Sports Nutrition offers three major degrees Undergraduate program (B. Sc. in Nutrition and Dietician), Post graduate program in Nutrition and Dietician and Doctoral Degree, moreover certificate courses are also available in this field. After doing these degrees one can work with various teams in different games and sports, educational institutes and in various health clubs. Candidates who successfully complete the diploma or bachelor’s degree in physical education are also eligible to work as fitness trainer, Gym trainer, Yoga and Health trainer in private and Government institution in a Gymnasium on part time or full time basis. They are also eligible to work with professional academics and clubs as a fitness or Yoga trainer. Also completing the diploma or bachelor’s degree in physical education students are also eligible to work as Sports Psychologists and Physiotherapists and are eligible to work in various institutes and with national and international teams of different games and sports.  ▪ Sports Administration related careers Administration Sports Assistant Director in Liason Officer/ Physical Officer in Director in Education Director Training University/ Institution/ University General of Instructor College/ University Various Institution tournaments A physical education student is also eligible for prestigious administrative jobs like Sports officer/Assistant director/Director in Colleges/Institutions and Universities. They are also eligible to work in International and National championship as an official like Commonwealth, Asian Games, World cup and other international tournaments. The eligibility of these career options is same as for teaching careers.  ▪ Performance related careers Player/Official Player from Officials for Government Job/ Business of Professional private and Delhi police/ Sports goods Club, state or govt C.R.P.F./ C.I.S.F. tournaments etc under sports national team Quota Sportspersons, who have participated in National and International Sports tournaments, are eligible to apply for various Government Jobs in C.I.S.F, Railway, Delhi Police, and C.R.P.F. etc. Now a days, amateur sports transform into commercialized games, many sports offer Professional leagues in particular games i.e. IPL, ISL, BPL, WKL etc. Sportspersons also earn good money by professionally participating in the above leagues. Sports persons also become officials of the respective games and sports by completing the required degree and finally can opt for business of sports goods. ▪ Communication related careers Communication Sports Sports Sports Sports Journalist Commentator Analyst Photographer  A program that focuses on the methods and techniques for communicating about sports in a variety of formats, media, and contexts; and that prepares individuals to be sports reporters and writers, photojournalists, radio and television announcers, , recreational sports promoters, and public relations specialists. Includes instruction in sports writing, photography, broadcast journalism, sports production, game rules, media and public relations, and sports promotion comes under the Communication related careers in Physical Education and sports. Various graduate, post graduate and post doctoral degree degrees are there in Sports Journalism that fulfills the basic eligibilities for this career option The nature of today’s physical education is one of an orientation toward science and toward a more scientific comprehension of the profession of physical education. Personal physical activity and enjoyment of spectator sports has created new areas of opportunity for career options. Although physical education is a continuing area of professional opportunity, new areas have opened in this field; some of the other career options not mentioned above are detailed below: ▪ Agency Recreation Leader ▪ Athletic Trainer ▪ Camp Director ▪ Cardiac Rehabilitation ▪ Community Center Director ▪ Correction Facilities Instructor ▪ Dance Instructor ▪ Dance Therapist ▪ Early Childhood Motor Skills Instructor ▪ Entrepreneur ▪ Equipment Manager ▪ Hospital Wellness Instructor ▪ Intramural Director ▪ Kinesiotherapist  ▪ Occupational Therapist ▪ Outdoor Education Instructor ▪ Park Ranger ▪ Protective Service Worker ▪ Recreation Therapist ▪ Recreation Facility Manager ▪ Resort Manager ▪ Salesperson ▪ Sports Agent ▪ Sports Clothing Designer ▪ Sports Lawyer ▪ Weight-Control Counselor ACTIVITY - 1 Write the full form of following abbreviations:- ▪ PRT: ______________________________ ▪ TGT: ______________________________ ▪ PGT: ______________________________ ▪ PET: ______________________________ ▪ NIS: _______________________________ INSTITUTES AND COURSES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION & SPORTS Physical Education and sports is an integral part of Education. Physical education and sports as a profession offers many types of career opportunities in different fields. Degrees, Diplomas, Certificate course in the field of physical education and sports beneficial for those, who acquired these courses in different field. A list of institutes offering various courses in Physical Education and sports are discussed below: A: Indira Gandhi Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences: Indira Gandhi Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IGIPESS) is one of the leading institutions that also house the Department of Physical Education & Sports Sciences under the faculty of Inter-Disciplinary and Applied Sciences, the University of Delhi offers all the categories of teacher training courses in physical education. The institute was established on 3rd August 1987 by the Delhi Administration under the auspices of the University of Delhi. The institute is named after the late Mrs. Indira Gandhi, the first lady Prime Minister of India. Courses offered by IGIPESS: S. No. Name of the Course Duration Minimum Eligibility 1 Bachelor of Science in Physical Six Semesters (Three 10+2  Education, Health Education & Years) Sports, B.Sc. (P.E., H.E. & S.) 2 Bachelor of Physical Education, B. Four Semesters Graduation P. Ed. (Two Year) 3 Master of Physical Education, M. Four Semesters B.Sc. (P.E., H.E. & P. Ed. (Two years) Sports)/B. P. Ed. 4 Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in 2 to 5 years M. P. Ed, NET Physical Education B: Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE): Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE), Gwalior was established by the Ministry of Education & Culture, Government of India as Lakshmibai College of Physical Education (LCPE) in August 1957, the centenary year of the War of Independence under the able leadership of Padma Shri Dr. P.M. Joseph. It is located at Gwalior, where Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, a valiant heroine of the war, had laid down her life during the First Freedom Struggle in 1857. Courses offered by LNIPE: S. No. Name of the Course Duration Minimum Eligibility 1 Bachelor of Physical Education, B. Eight Semesters 10+2 P. Ed. (Four Years) 2 Master of Physical Education, M. Four Semesters B. P. Ed. P. Ed. (Two years) 3 Diploma in Sports Coaching, DSC Two Semester (One 10+2 Year) 4 M. A in Yoga Four Semesters Graduation (Two years) 5 M. Sc. in Exercise Physiology Four Semesters Graduation (Two years) 6 M. Sc. in Sports Biomechanics Four Semesters Graduation (Two years) 7 M. A in Sports Psychology Four Semesters Graduation (Two years) 8 M. A in Sports Management Four Semesters Graduation (Two years) 9 Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Two Semesters (One Graduation Coaching, PGDSC year) 10 Post Graduate Diploma in Fitness Two Semesters (One Graduation Management, PGDFM year) 11 Post Graduation Diploma in Yoga Two Semesters (One Graduation Education, PGDYEd. year) 12 Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in 6 Semesters Post Graduation Physical Education 13 Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in 6 Semesters Post Graduation Yoga  14 Diploma in Sports Event Two Semesters (One 10+2 Management year) 15 Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Two Semesters (One Graduation Management, PGDSM year) 16 Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Two Semesters (One Graduation Journalism, PGDSJ year) C: Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports (NSNIS): An Adhoc Inquiry Committee constituted by the Government of India, in July 1958, to study the standard of sports in the country recommended the establishment of a Central Training Institute, to provide first-class coaches, in different sports and games. Consequently, Kaul Kapoor Committee visited certain countries to study their sports institutions; and thereafter, on the advice of the All-India Council of Sports, the present campus of the National Institute of Sports ( NIS ) was inaugurated, at Patiala, on 7 May 1961. Shri K.L. Shrimali, Union Education Minister, with His Highness Maharaja Yadvendra Singh, President, All India Council of Sports, on the occasion of inauguration of National Institute of Sports, Patiala on 7 May,1961. In 1973, the Institute was dedicated to the memory of late freedom fighter Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, and renamed as Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports. The Institute was merged with the Sports Authority of India (SAI), in 1987. Courses Offered by NSNIS: S. No. Name of the Course Duration Minimum Eligibility 1 Diploma in Sports Coaching Two Semesters (One Graduation, Sports year) Proficiency 2 Master Degree in Sports Coaching Four Semesters Graduation, Diploma in (Two years)Sports Coaching, Proficiency in Sports 3 Certificate Course in Sports 6 Weeks Graduation, Sports Coaching Proficiency 4 Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Four Semesters Bachelor of Medicine (Two years) Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery, one year compulsory rotatory internship D: Shree Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal: Shree HanumanVyayam Prasarak Mandal, Amravati was founded by the Vaidya Brothers namely Anant Krishna and Ambadas Krishna in the year 1914, as a small Hanuman club. The Vaidya brothers may be rightly regarded as the pioneer organizers of the movement of physical education in Vidarbha Region. The small club thus founded by them half a century ago has now come to be recognized as a National Institution which has also earned some international reputation. When this club was founded, there was a general apathy for physical education. In those times the traditional institutions i.e. Akhadas were viewed with suspicion as places of anti-British revolutionary movement. The Vaidya brothers while founding the Hanuman Club had 2 clear objectives in view. One was to link up the movement of physical education with the national movement of Indian renaissance and the second was to modernize and systematize the traditional Indian system of exercises in such a way as would bring in bold relief the best and knowledgeable elements inherent in it. Courses Offered by HYPM: S. No. Name of the Course Duration Minimum Eligibility 1 Bachelor of Physical Education and Six Semesters (Three 10+2 Sports, BPES years) 2 Bachelor of Physical Education, B. Four Semesters Bachelor Degree P. Ed (Two Years) 3 Masters in Physical Education, M. Four Semesters B. P. Ed/B. Sc. P. Ed (Two Years) E: Banaras Hindu University (BHU): Banaras Hindu University is an internationally reputed temple of learning, situated in the holy city of Varanasi. This Creative and innovative university was founded by the great nationalist leader, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, in 1916 with cooperation of great personalities like Dr Annie Besant, who viewed it as the University of India. Banaras Hindu University was created under the Parliamentary legislation - B.H.U. Act 1915. It played a stellar role in the independence movement and has developed into the greatest center of learning in India. It has produced many great freedom fighters and builders of modern India and has immensely contributed to the progress of the nation through a large number of renowned scholars, artists, scientists and technologists who have graced its portals. The area of the main campus of this premiere Central University is 1300 acres, having well maintained roads, extensive greenery, a temple, an air strip and buildings which are an architectural delight. The Air Field of the campus was started for military training for flying during the Second World War. Another campus of the university at Barkachha, in Mirzapur district, covering an area of 2700 acres is coming up. The university comprises 3 Institutes, 14 Faculties 140 Departments, 4 Inter displinary Centers a constituent college for women's and 3 Constituents Schools, spanning a vast range of subjects pertaining to all branches of humanities, social science, technology, medicine, science, fine arts and performing arts. It has 6 centers of Advanced Studies, 10 Departments under Special Assistance Program and a large number of specialized Research Centers. Four Degree Colleges of the city are affiliated to the University. Bharat Kala Bhavan, the reputed museum of the university, is a treasure trove of rare collections. The 927 bed hospital of the University is equipped with all the modern a menities. Courses Offered by BHU: S. No. Name of the Course Duration Minimum Eligibility 1 Bachelor of Physical Education, B. Four Semesters Bachelor Degree P. Ed (Two Years) 2 Masters in Physical Education, M. Four Semesters B. P. Ed/B. Sc. P. Ed (Two Years) 3 Doctorate of Philosophy, Ph. D. 3-5 Years Post Graduation F: Amity University Noida: Amity University was established on 24 March 2005 through The Amity University Uttar Pradesh Act, 2005 (Act 11 of 2005) of the UP Vidhan Sabha by the Ritnand Balved Education Foundation. It was India's first private university to implement reservations and merit-based scholarships for students. In 2011, the school was reported to have over 80,000 students across 240 programs. Ashok Chauhan is the president of the Ritnand Balved Education Foundation, Atul Chauhan the chancellor of Amity University and the vice chancellor is Dr. Balvinder Shukla. Aseem Chauhan is the additional president of the foundation. Courses Offered by AUUP: S. No. Name of the Course Duration Minimum Eligibility 1 Bachelor of Physical Education and Six Semesters (Three 10+2 Sports, B. Sc. Years) 2 Bachelor of Physical Education, B. Four Semesters Graduation/B.P. Ed P. Ed (Two Years) 3 Masters of Physical Education, M. Four Semesters B. P. Ed, B. Sc. P. Ed (Two Years) 4 Doctor of Philosophy, Ph. D. 3-5 Years M. P. Ed. G: Aligarh Muslim University (AMU): The University grew out of the work of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the great Muslim reformer and statesman, who in the aftermath of the Indian War of Independence of 1857 felt that it was important for Muslims to gain education and become involved in the public life and government services in India. Raja Jai Kishan helped Sir Syed in establishing the university. The British decision to replace the use of Persian in 1842 for government employment and as the language of Courts of Law caused deep anxiety among Muslims of the sub-continent. Sir Syed saw a need for Muslims to acquire proficiency in the English language and Western sciences if the community were to maintain its social and political clout, particularly in Northern India. He began to prepare a foundation for the formation of a Muslim University by starting schools at Moradabad (1858) and Ghazipur (1863). His purpose for the establishment of the Scientific Society in 1864, in Aligarh, was to translate Western works into Indian languages as a prelude to prepare the community to accept Western education and to inculcate scientific temperament among the Muslims. Courses Offered by AMU: S. No. Name of the Course Duration Minimum Eligibility 1 Bachelor of Physical Education, B. Four Semesters Bachelor Degree P. Ed (Two Years) 2 Masters in Physical Education, M. Four Semesters B. P. Ed/B. Sc. P. Ed (Two Years) 3 Doctorate of Philosophy, Ph. D. 3-5 Years Post Graduation H: Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA): The Young Men's Christian Association took roots in 1844 at the city of London in a post Industrial Revolution setting which saw large influx of village youth to the cities in search of employment. These young men were forced to work long hours and live in cramped unhygienic conditions. And thus fell an easy prey to the vices of a big city like London. George Williams who worked in a drapery establishment - Hitchcock and Rogers - along with 12 like-minded young men decided to provide intellectual, spiritual and recreational avenues to youth going astray. Since similar situation prevailed in rest of the Europe, the youth got inspired and followed George William's example in their own cities. They encouraged each other through regular correspondence and thus the YMCA movement with an 'International Character' was born. Courses Offered by YMCA: S. No. Name of the Course Duration Minimum Eligibility 1 Diploma in Nutrition, Dietician and Two Semesters (One 10+2 Health Management Year) 2 PG Diploma in Yoga Two Semesters (One Graduation Year) 3 PG Diploma in Event Management Two Semesters (One Graduation Year) 4 PG Diploma in Sports Coaching Two Semesters (One Graduation Year) 5 PG Diploma in guidance and Two Semesters (One Graduation Counseling Year) 6 Bachelor of Physical Education, B. Four Semesters Bachelor Degree P. Ed (Two Years)  7 Bachelor of Physical Education and Six Semesters (Three 10+2 Sports, BPES years) 8 Bachelor of Mobility Science Two Semesters (One 10+2 Year) 9 Masters in Physical Education, M. Four Semesters B. P. Ed/B. Sc. P. Ed (Two Years) 10 M. Sc. in Fitness, Exercise, Four Semesters Graduation Rehabilitation and Nutritional care (Two Years) 11 Masters in Philosophy, M. Phil Two Semesters (One M. P. Ed Year) 12 Doctorate Degree in Physical 3-5 Years M. P. Ed Education, Ph. D. Nisha is a 15 year girl from rural area, studying in class X, She is very shy and introvert and had no aim in life. Her friends used to comment on her Personality One day her school teacher selected her for intramural events in 100 M race, and she won bronze medal that day she got real transformation in her life She started practicing for state level competition. She completed her 10+2, but again was confused for next step in life. She wants to continue her sport, but her family forced her to get married as soon as possible. One day her sports teacher found her roaming in her locality. She guided her that there were a lot of career opportunities in the field of Physical education and sports. She got motivated and took admission to IGIPESS, Now She is a TGT-PET in Directorate of Education. ACTIVITY – 2 One day Rohit Sharma an international cricket star attended the school Annual Day function as chief guest. He spoke about his struggles and how he was transformed by an active career that resulted from taking physical education subject in school seriously. He also talked about starting his own coaching academy. He explained as to how there were a lot of good career options available in PE. This gave students a clear understanding of the various career options available in PE which only aroused their interest in the subject and most of them started taking PE seriously. Q1: What career opportunities must have the cricketer talked about? Ans:________________________________________________________________________ 1.2 CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS Being a multidimensional aspect Physical Education also aims at providing significant benefits for children in all of the developmental stages of life. It emphasizes, that regular participation in physical education classes would also promote positive advancements in students with special needs. Children with Special Needs (CWSN) are the students with some type of disability and require exceptional care and help. The special needs of these children depend on the nature of their disability. Various conditions and disabilities of CWSN can be classified into three major categories: Physical: In these conditions, students primarily have issues with movement and balance e.g. Muscular Dystrophy, Epilepsy, Cerebral Palsy, Locomotor Disability. Sensory: Children with hearing or speech impairment fall under this category e.g. Deafness, hard of hearing, Low Vision and blindness.  Cognitive: Children with this disability have low intelligence. Therefore, they struggle with the daily activities and take time to learn new things e.g. Autism Spectrum, intellectual impairments and learning difficulties. Special needs are commonly defined by what a child can't do, Educating every child is very essential, as they are the future citizens of a Country. A Child with Special Need (CWSN) may have a special educational need due to difficulty in learning and educating these children with normal ones represents the need for various methods for their care and help and physical education is one of them. It provides specialized instructions to students who are identified with a disability; and helps them to meet their unique learning needs and give them opportunities to develop to their full potential. Activity - 3 Explore and enlist various types of disabilities in the following categories: Physical: ▪ ▪ ▪ Sensory: ▪ ▪ ▪ Cognitive ▪ ▪ ▪ ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION It is an individualized program of developmental activities, exercises, games, rhythms, and sport designed to meet the unique physical education needs of individuals. It is a philosophy to helping people become fully human, thereby actualizing their potential for making the world the best possible place for all forms of life (Sherill, 1998) Adapted physical education is generally designed to meet long-term needs with disabilities, a child with a disability means a child with intellectual disability, hearing impairment including deafness, speech or language impairment, visual impairment including blindness, serious emotional disturbance, orthopedic impairment, autism, traumatic brain injury, learning disability, deaf, blindness, or multiple disabilities or other health impairments that require special education and related services Definition “It is an individualized program including physical and motor fitness, fundamental motor skills and patterns, skills in aquatics and dance, and individual and group games and sports designed to meet the unique needs of individuals”. History The use of physical activity or exercise for medical treatment and therapy is not new. Therapeutic exercise can be traced to 3000 BC in China. It is known that the ancient Greeks and Romans also recognized the medical and therapeutic value of exercise. However, the idea of physical education or physical activity to meet the unique educational needs of individuals with disabilities is a recent phenomenon. Efforts to serve these populations through physical education and sport were given significant attention during the 20th century, although efforts began in the United States in the 19th century. In 1838, physical activity began receiving special attention at the Perkins School for students with visual disabilities in Boston. According to Charles E. Buell (1983), a noted physical educator with a visual impairment, this special attention resulted from the fact that Samuel Gridley Howe, the school director, advocated the health benefits of physical activity. For the first eight years, physical education consisted of compulsory recreation in the open air. In 1840, when the school was moved to South Boston, boys participated in gymnastic exercises and swimming. This was the first physical education program in the United States for students who were blind. From the end of the 19th century into the 1930s, programs began to shift from medically oriented physical training to sport-centered physical education. This transition resulted in broad mandatory programs consisting of games, sports, rhythmic activities, and calisthenics that meet the needs of the whole person. Students unable to participate in general activities were provided corrective or remedial physical education. In 1965, the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation awarded a grant to the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) to launch the Project on Recreation and Fitness for the Mentally Retarded. The project grew to encompass all special populations, and its name was changed in 1968 to the Unit on Programs for the Handicapped. In 1968, the Kennedy Foundation exhibited further concern for individuals with intellectual disabilities by establishing the Special Olympics. This program grew rapidly, with competition held at local, state, national, and international levels in an ever increasing range of sports. Objectives of Adaptive Physical Education Develop competency in movement and motor skills of children with special needs. To enhance the self-confidence, social skills and emotional understanding among CWSN students To teach game rules and strategies and their use in game situations.  To motivate students for participation in Physical Education programs Understand the advantages of regular physical activity Develop muscular strength, balance, level of flexibility Adaptive Sports Adapted sport refers to sport modified or created to meet the unique needs of individuals. For example, basketball is a general sport and wheelchair basketball is an adapted sport. Goal- ball (a game created for people with visual impairments in which players attempt to roll a ball that emits a sound across their opponents’ goal) is an adapted sport because it was created to meet unique needs of participants with disabilities. They are called adaptive sports because; it focuses on the modification of sport rather than on disability; it encourages participation in the most normal and integrated environment; it promotes the creation of sport opportunities; and it provides an opportunity for the pursuit of excellence in sport throughout a full spectrum for participation. Adapted sport activity might also be conducted for leisure or recreational purposes within formal, open, or unstructured programs; as a part of the lifestyle of individuals or groups; or for wellness, medical, or therapeutic reasons. Adaptive sports are conducted with various objective, but here the main focus is to make the understanding for the concept and provide information regarding the organizations promoting them. INCLUSIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION  All students, regardless of ability, should get the recommended 60 minutes or more of daily physical activity. Schools can help all students meet this recommendation by providing equal opportunities for students with disabilities. Creating an inclusive culture for physical education and physical activity helps every student learn to lead a healthy and active lifestyle. Inclusion means that, “All children, regardless of ability or disability, have the right to be respected and appreciated as valuable members of the school community and can fully participate in all school activities, and interact with peers of all ability levels. Definition “Inclusion in physical education refers to the students with disabilities to participate in all the activities” History In many cases children with disabilities were not part of any formal education system until the early 1900s when Western missionaries created special schools for children with visual impairments and children with hearing impairments. Special schools continued to dominate special education well into the late 20th century, even though many Asian countries had passed legislation that encouraged placement of children with disabilities in general education schools. In the past twenty years more inclusive opportunities have become available and have been promoted by national governments. Objectives of Inclusive Physical Education To increase social skills of students with disabilities To increase Motor skills of students with disabilities  To increase the confidence skills of students with disabilities Normal students will get a chance to increase friendship with disabled students To increase knowledge of the students with disabilities. Activity – 4 A: Inclusive Physical Education Case Study: You are studying in IX class of ABC school, a boy named Rahul got admission in your class late in the session, and he is not having his right hand. During the PE classes and recess breaks, he always sits ideally and never involves in any of the activities. Being a Good friend and fellow mate, suggest/design an activity to involve Rahul? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ B: Adaptive Physical Education Case Study: Your PE teacher discussed the importance of Adaptive physical education in the class, he told you about the meaning, history and objectives of adaptive physical education. Enlist any 05 objectives that you remember? 1.3: ORGANIZATIONS PROMOTING CWSN SPORTS Games and Sports are believed to be the prerequisite for growth and development in a child, whether it is for normal students or CWSN. Special needs children are generally not encouraged to take part in sports. Whereas participating in sports can help to boost their self confidence and relationship building, with enhanced level of skill and fitness.  Now a day’s sports for CWSN are organized officially, Physical education and sports provide ample opportunity to disabled students for living a fruitful, healthy and energetic life. Some of the major organizations promoting CWSN sports at International level are discussed below: A: PARALYMPICS: Paralympics Games, major international sports competition for athletes with disabilities. Since the late 20th century the Paralympics have been held in the same city that hosts the corresponding Olympic Games; the Paralympics follow shortly after the Olympics conclude. The International Paralympics Committee, which was founded in 1989 and is based in Germany, governs the Paralympics Games. The Paralympics was developed after Sir Ludwig Guttmann organized a sports competition for British World War II veterans with spinal cord injuries in England in 1948. A follow-up competition took place in 1952, with athletes from the Netherlands joining the British competitors. In 1960 the first quadrennial Olympic-style Games for disabled athletes were held in Rome; the quadrennial Winter Games were added in 1976, in Sweden. Since the Seoul 1988 Olympic Games (and the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France), the Paralympics have been held at the Olympic venues and have used the same facilities. Paralympics athletes compete in six different disability groups—amputee, cerebral palsy, visual impairment, spinal cord injuries, intellectual disability, and “les autres” (athletes whose disability does not fit into one of the other categories, including dwarfism). Sir Ludwig Guttmann started the games in 1948 in England Objectives: The key objectives of the Paralympics Games are: To allow athletes to achieve their best performance at the highest level of competition by providing appropriate conditions and services in an operationally sound environment. To ensure the visibility, and opportunities that showcase the spirit and values of the Paralympics Movement To stimulate social development that benefits communities in the host country and across the world.  Headed By: After every 04 years Venue: Hosted in the International immediately after the same city that hosts Paralympics respective Olympic the Olympic Games Committee Games in the same year Language: English and the language (s) of Summer Paralympics: Winter Paralympics: the host city or 22 Sports , 539 Medals 05 Sports , 240 Medals country Category: 1. Physical Impairment 2. Visual Impairment Moto: Spirit in Motion 3. Intellectual Disability B: DEAFLYMPICS: The Deaflympics are held every four years, and are the longest running multi-sport event in history after the Olympics. The first games, held in Paris in 1924, were the first ever international sporting event for athletes with a disability. The event has been held every four years since, apart from a break for World War II, and an additional event, the Deaflympic Winter Games, was added in 1949. The games began as a small gathering of 148 athletes from nine European nations competing in the International Silent Games in Paris, France, in 1924; now, they have grown into a global movement. Officially, the games were originally called the "International Games for the Deaf" from 1924 to 1965, but were sometimes also referred to as the "International Silent Games". From 1966 to 1999 they were called the "World Games for the Deaf", and occasionally referred to as the "World Silent Games". From 2001, the games have been known by their current name Deaflympics Objectives: The key objectives of Deaflympics are: Physical and mental well-being of deaf sports people Provision of opportunities for deaf persons to participate in elite sports  Bringing together of athletes from around the world in a quadrennial sports competition Promotion of the International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD) principles throughout the world thereby creating global goodwill in the Deaf community. Paris, 1924 Headed by: International After every 04 Venue: Biding Committee of Sports years for Deaf Winter Deaflympics: Summer Deaflympics: 14 Events 27 Events Category: Deaf Motto: Equality Language: English through Sports and Sign Language C: SPECIAL OLYMPICS: In June 1963, Eunice Kennedy Shriver started a day camp called Camp Shriver for children with intellectual and physical disabilities at her home in Potomac, Maryland. The camp sought to address the concern that disabled children had very little opportunity to participate in organized athletic events. With Camp Shriver as an example, Kennedy Shriver, head of the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation and a member of President John F. Kennedy's Panel on Mental Retardation, promoted the concept of involvement in physical activity and other opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities. The first Special Olympics games were held on July 20, 1968, at Soldier Field in Chicago. About 1,000 athletes from the U.S. and Canada took part in the one-day event, which was a joint venture by the Kennedy Foundation and the Chicago Park District. Anne McGlone Burke, then a physical education teacher with the Chicago Park District, began with the idea for a one-time, city-wide, Olympic-style athletic competition for people with special needs. The 2003 Special Olympics World Summer Games – the first summer held outside of the United States – took place in Dublin, Ireland. Approximately 7,000 athletes from 150 countries competed over 18 disciplines. Eunice Kennedy Shriver, July 20, 1968 Objectives: The key objectives of Special Olympics are: To provide year-round sports training and athletic competition in a variety of Olympic- type sports for children and adults with intellectual disabilities. Provide opportunities to develop physical fitness, demonstrate courage, experience joy and participate in a sharing of gifts, skills and friendship with their families, other Special Olympics athletes and the community. Strengthen the sports and benefit people with intellectual disability physically, mentally, socially and spiritually  Headed By: International Olympic After Every two Venue: Committee Years Biding Winter/Summer Category: Special Language: English Olympics: 32 Intellectual and language of host Disability city or country Events Motto: Let me win. Symbol: Joy and But if I cannot win, let Happiness to All me be brave in the the Children of attempt the World D: SPECIAL OLYMPICS BHARAT Special Olympics Bharat is a National Sports Federation also registered under the Indian Trust Act 1882 in 2001 and is accredited by Special Olympics International to conduct Special Olympics Programs in India. It is recognized by the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, Government of India as a National Sports Federation in the Priority Category, for development of Sports for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities, and is a designated Nodal Agency for all disabilities on account of its national presence and experience, especially in rural areas which account for nearly 75 per cent of the disabled population in India. 2001 Objectives: The key objectives of Special Olympic Bharat are: People with intellectual disabilities can learn, enjoy, and benefit from participation in sports, with proper help and encouragement. Consistent training helps develop their sports skills, and competition among those with equal abilities tests those skills, measures their progress and provides incentives for personal growth. Sports strengthen and benefit people with intellectual disability physically, mentally, socially and spiritually. They also help their families and the community at large, both through participation and observation.  Headed By: Ministry of Youth After every two affairs and Sports, years Venue: Biding Govt. of India Category: Mental, Visual, Language; Hindi Events: 32 Speech/Hearing, and the language of Locomotor/Orthopedi host city/state c, Multiple Disability Motto:Let me win. But if I cannot win, Date of let me be brave in Establishment: 2001 the attempt. Activity – 5 Q1: Match the Following: A: Paralympics A: 2001, India B: Deaflympics B: 1968, Chicago C: Special Olympics Bharat C: 1948, England D: Special Olympics D: 1924, Paris Q2: Fill in the Blanks: “Equality through sports” is the motto of _____________Olympics? _____________Olympics are held after every 02 years? ____________Olympics are recognized by Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports? Sports person with Physical disability can play in ____________Olympics?