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# Capacitor This document describes a capacitor, its properties, and how it works. ## AC Operation - In the first half of the cycle, the capacitor is charged. - In the second half of the cycle, the capacitor discharges. - The polarity reverses during a complete cycle. - The capacitor allows alter...

# Capacitor This document describes a capacitor, its properties, and how it works. ## AC Operation - In the first half of the cycle, the capacitor is charged. - In the second half of the cycle, the capacitor discharges. - The polarity reverses during a complete cycle. - The capacitor allows alternating current (AC) to flow. ## DC Operation - Charges accumulate on the capacitor plates. - Charging stops when fully charged. - The capacitor prevents DC current from passing through. ## Capacitor Capacitance - The more charges accumulated on the capacitor plate, the greater the potential difference on the capacitor plate. - Capacitor capacitance (C) is the amount of charges accumulated (Q) on the capacitor plates when the potential difference (V) on the plate is 1 Volt. - The formula for capacitance is $C = \frac{Q}{V}$ ## Charging and Discharging - The capacitor is charged using the first circuit (switch 1). - The capacitor is discharged using the second circuit (switch 2). - The relationship between current intensity and time is given by the equation $I = I_0e^{-\frac{t}{RC}}$. - In this equation: - $I$ is the current intensity at time $t$ - $I_0$ is the initial current intensity when the second circuit is closed - $R$ is the resistance of the circuit - $C$ is the capacitance - $t$ is the time - The magnitude of $\frac{1}{RC}$ is called the time constant.