Chapter 47: Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Information PDF

Chapter 47: Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Information Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which figure shown represents the response of the most rapidly adapting receptor to the stimulus? a. A b. B c. C...

Chapter 47: Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Information Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which figure shown represents the response of the most rapidly adapting receptor to the stimulus? a. A b. B c. C ANS: B 2. Which figure shown represents the response of the most slowly adapting receptor to a stimulus? a. A b. B c. C ANS: B 3. Which of the following best describes a rapidly adapting receptor? a. Muscle spindle receptor b. Ruffini endings c. Meissner corpuscle d. Merkel discs ANS: C 4. Which of the following statements best describes the receptor potential? a. Receptor potential is a constant. b. Increased stimulus intensity causes increased receptor potential. c. Any change in receptor potential induces action potential. d. Receptor excitation always involves depolarization of the receptor.  ANS: B 5. Signal amplification can be achieved by which of the following neuronal pools? a. Divergence in the same tract b. Convergence from multiple sources c. Lateral inhibition d. Reverberating circuit ANS: A 6. Which of the following types of sensory nerve fibers has the fastest transmission rate for action potentials? a. Type C b. Type A-Beta c. Type A-Delta d. Type A-Gamma ANS: B 7. Signal sharpening is best achieved by which of the following types of neuronal circuits? a. Diverging circuit b. Converging circuit c. Reverberating circuit d. Lateral inhibition circuit ANS: D 8. Which of the following types of sensory nerve fibers has the slowest rate of nerve impulse transmission? a. Type C b. Type A-Beta c. Type A-Delta d. Type A-Gamma ANS: A 9. Which of the following represents a slowly adapting receptor? a. Pacinian corpuscle b. Semicircular canal receptor c. Meissner’s corpuscle d. Merkel discs ANS: D 10. Which of the following types of neuronal circuits is self-stimulating once activated? a. Converging b. Reverberating c. Diverging d. One that incorporates lateral inhibition ANS: B 11. Which of the following best describes a characteristic of almost all sensory receptors?  a. The ability to perceive a mechanical force b. The ability to be modulated by a change in temperature c. The ability to be excited by the application of a chemical irritant d. The ability to adapt to the stimulus ANS: D 12. A progressive rise in receptor potential (becomes less negative) of a typical mechanoreceptor is most likely to have which of the following effects on the frequency of action potentials in the axon from that mechanoreceptor? a. Proportional decrease b. Proportional increase c. No change d. Ten-fold decrease e. Ten-fold increase ANS: B 13. Which of the following sensory receptors is most likely to have the highest rate of adaptation? a. Free nerve endings b. Meissner corpuscle c. Merkel cell-neurite complex d. Pacinian corpuscle e. Ruffini ending ANS: D 14. A mechanoreceptor has a resting membrane potential of –65 millivolts, and a threshold potential of –45 millivolts. A mechanical force is applied gradually to this receptor, which causes the receptor potential to increase gradually to a value of –30 millivolts. The increase in receptor potential is most likely caused by which of the following? a. Decreased chloride conductance b. Decreased potassium conductance c. Decreased sodium conductance d. Increased chloride conductance e. Increased potassium conductance f. Increased sodium conductance ANS: F 15. A mechanoreceptor has a resting membrane potential of –65 millivolts, and a threshold potential of –45 millivolts. A mechanical force is applied gradually to this receptor, which causes the receptor potential to increase gradually to a value of –30 millivolts. The highest frequency of action potentials generated by the mechanoreceptor is most likely to occur at which of the following receptor potentials (in millivolts)? a. –60 b. –50 c. –45 d. –40 e. –35 ANS: E 16. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of adaptation of the Pacinian corpuscle? a. Transmitter depletion b. Fluid redistribution c. Increased distorting force d. Abnormal ion concentration e. Fatigue ANS: B 17. The frequency of action potentials in the afferent neuron of a sensory receptor is 40 hertz when the receptor potential is –30 millivolts. Which of the following best describes the frequency of action potentials when the receptor potential is –60 millivolts (in hertz)? a. 40 b. 30 c. 60 d. 90 e. 120 ANS: B 18. Which of the following tactile receptors is best suited to detect vibrations? a. Meissner corpuscles b. Merkel discs c. Pacinian corpuscle d. Ruffini corpuscle e. Free nerve endings ANS: C 19. Which of the following best describes the type of neuronal circuit typically used by the autonomic nervous system, which allows the output from the circuit to be enhanced and suppressed? a. Divergence in the same tract b. Divergence in multiple tracts c. Convergence from a single source d. Convergence from multiple separate sources e. Reciprocal inhibition circuit f. Reverberatory circuit ANS: F