8th Grade English Note 2024/2025 - Gibson School Systems

**[Vocabulary:]** **Vocabulary** is all the language and words either used or understood by persons or group of people. Usually alphabetized and explained collection of words a person knows and used. Example: essential -- something necessary. Predominantly -- domineering Indiscriminate -- found...

**[Vocabulary:]** **Vocabulary** is all the language and words either used or understood by persons or group of people. Usually alphabetized and explained collection of words a person knows and used. Example: essential -- something necessary. Predominantly -- domineering Indiscriminate -- found every where Endangered -- risk of becoming extinct Survive -- to stay a live Habitat -- a living place Extinct -- risk of disappearing or dying out. Overlook -- condone Endemic -- found in an area only **Activity I** Complete the text on (Page 49) with the appropriate forms of words given in the boxes. threat destroying animals ----------- ------------ ------------- Pollution drop shortage trees reduced end angered Hors hunted settlement Many animals living on earth today are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which means they are at risk of becoming extinct. Endangered \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ include tigers, or angutans, turtles and many more. Their numbers have already been greatly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and only a few now live in the wild. The biggest \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to animals come from humans. People are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ animals habitats, such as rainforests. They are using the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to support our growing human population and replacing the rain forest with farmlands or human settlement. As human \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ take up more of the plant, It leaves less room for wild animals, which may face a shortage of food or places to rate their young. This causes numbers to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Many wild animals are also \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by humans, for example for their fur or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ others are killed by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and global warming which changes the climate and affects animals, survival rats. **Answers** 1. Endangered 2. Animals 3. Reduced 4. Threat 5. Destroying 6. Settlement 7. Settlement 8. Shortage 9. Hunted 10. Hars 11. pollution **Drawing Inferences** - Drawing inferences is forming ideas or coming to conclusion that are based on the reading. - A text or passage you read may hint at past events and circumstances rather than directly stating them. - You can draw inferences about past events. That is, make logical guesses about them, based on details, that are provided in the text. - As you read, look for details that you can put together to draw inferences. **Activity 2** Answer each of the following inferential questions based on reading passage page 44 -- 45 1. Why did the writer conclude that the walis ibex once lived other places other than the Simein Mountains? 2. How does the author or writer describe the protected population of mountain Nyala? 3. How does the author or writer describe the protected population of mountain Nyala? 4. What is the similarity between the mountain Nyala and the Mimililis bush buck? 5. Why does the writer not take the bushbuces living near water bodies as their main characteristics? Answer: Subjective **Referential Questions:** Interactive Reading Strategies - To make a book or passage work, you have to plug yourself in by interacting with the words on the page. The following strategies will help you make the connection that lights up your imagination. - Understand shades of meaning To get the most meaning from a word, recognize and react to its particular shades of means to help you [draw inferences or] answer Referential questions - Interpret Meaning By your own interpreter which you read a text. Learn to find the meanings of words that can be used in more than one way and the meaning of figurative language. \_\_\_\_ words and phrases that are not meant to be interpreted literary. **Activity 3** 1. The verb \_\_\_ restricted. 2. The pronoun \_\_\_ "it" 3. The phrase \_\_\_\_ "fully endemic" 4. The expressions in this part of Ethiopia. 5. The verb phrase \_\_\_\_\_ shout by 1. Walia Ibex 2. Walia Ibex 3. Mountain Nyala 4. Bushbuck 5. The mountain Nyala was shout by announced by major Buxton. **Post -- reading:** **Oral Presentation (Expression)** - Your oral presentation usually will have three parts -- introduction, body (details) and conclusion. - Useful language expressions for structuring your oral reports. - Good morning and welcome. Let me introduce myself -- we'll take five minutes to present our group report. - Toda, I'm/we're/my group is going to talk about. - This morning, afternoon. I'd we'd like to explain... - The purpose of my presentation today is to.... - First I will discuss.... Secondly I would like to look at how... then I will concentrate on. - Lastly I will look at..... before moving on to..... and then I' like to talk about how this impacts upon....... - If you have any question, please leave them until the end. When I'll do my best to answer them. Write seven expressions you will use in your oral presentations. **Answer:** **Subjective** 1. Today I'm going to talk about 2. I would like to explain 3. First I will like to discuss 4. Secondly, I would like to look at how..... 5. I'll look at...... before..... 6. Lastly, I will like to talk about the impacts upon..... 7. If you have any question............ - Conservation is the preservation of threatened wild life habitats. Wild life conservation aims to protect plant and animal species as the human population encroaches on their resources. - A buffer zone: is an area that is managed in order to increase the protection provided to a protected Area. An effective butter zone can prevent negative edge effects from impacting the core area including the incursion of non native species, hunting and climate changes such as reduced humidity in rainforests. Endemic: A species in said to be endemic to an area, if it is not found anywhere else. For example, the Walia Ibex belongs to a got family endemic to Ethiopia. **Activity 5** Write words and expressing that have the opposite meaning to the following words and expression. 1. Found every where 2. Over looked 3. Similarity 4. Important 5. Ugly 6. Selective 7. Indiscriminate shooting **Answer:** 1. restricted 2. care for/about 3. differences 4. unimportant 5. beautiful 6. general/overall/ 7. targeted shopping **Extended Definition** - Ecology: The ecology of an area refers to all the living organisms in that area, their interactions with each other, and with their physical environment. The word also refers to the scientific study of organisms, their interaction and environment. - An ecosystem is a community of all living organisms within a particular area, their interaction with each other and with their physical environment. Some of the most bio diverse ecosystems include coral reefs and tropical rainforest. Major ecosystems are also referred to as biomes. **Activity 6** Fill in the blank spaces with the correct form of the words given in the table Decrease Interrelated Habitat Hunting changes -------------- -------------- --------- --------- ------------- Threatened extinct adept Pollute Environment Re-establish Endangered Reproduce survive 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is where an animal lives. Where it finds food shelter, water etc. 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ keeps healthy population of games animas at manageable levels. 3. Instead of increasing in number of remaining stead, some endangered animals continue to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 4. Plants and animals are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which means they need each other. 5. Some \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are natural, others are made by people. They may result in plants and animals becoming endangered. 6. A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ species may continue to fall in number and be placed on the endangered spacies lists. 7. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means there are no more of this species. 8. When we misuse pesticide, we \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ our \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 9. When an animal or plant is put on the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ specialist, it mean there is still time for it to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ if we care. 10. Some species can \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ better than other to changes we make to the environment. 11. Biologists have tried to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or bring back species like antelope, elk, turkey etc where they once lived. **[Project Work: Interviews]** - An interview is an informational meeting that consists of questions asked by an interviewer and answered supplied by the person being interviewed. - Interviews are a good way to gather people's opinions and knowledge of a subject or events. **[Using Prior Knowledge]** - To help you understand and connect to the main idea or topic of an interview draw on your prior knowledge. - Your prior knowledge is the information, experiences and thoughts you already have before you read or make any kind of written material. - Use the prior knowledge to help you appreciate and understand responses to interviews.