Appendicular Muscles Lower Extremities PDF

Appendicular Muscles LOWER EXTREMITIES Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle Learning Target: Identify muscles that move the thigh, and explain how each moves the femur Muscles of the pelvic girdle Pelvic girdle  femur Compartments surrounded by fascia lata: o Anterior side flexors o Poster...

Appendicular Muscles LOWER EXTREMITIES Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle Learning Target: Identify muscles that move the thigh, and explain how each moves the femur Muscles of the pelvic girdle Pelvic girdle  femur Compartments surrounded by fascia lata: o Anterior side flexors o Posterior side extensors o Lateral side abductors o Medial side adductors  Anterior muscles Sartorius ◦ Longest muscle of body ◦ Ilium tibia ◦ Flexion, lateral rotation ◦ Knee flexion Anterior Muscles - iliopsoas Iliacus – ilium  prox femur Psoas major – lumbar v.  prox femur ◦ Flexion Posterior muscles Gluteus maximus ◦ Ilium, sacrum, coccyx  post femur ◦ Extension, lateral rotation Lateral muscles Gluteus medius ◦ Deep to maximus ◦ Ilium  prox femur ◦ Abduction Gluteus minimus ◦ Deep to medius ◦ Ilium  prox femur ◦ Abduction, medial rotation Tensor fasciae latae ◦ Ilium  tibia via iliotibial tract ◦ Flexion, abduction Medial muscles Pectineus ◦ Pubis  prox femur ◦ Adduction, flexion Gracilis ◦ Pubis prox tibia ◦ Adduction, flexion Adductor brevis & longus ◦ Pubis  mid femur ◦ Adduction, flexion Adductor magnus ◦ Deep to longus and brevis ◦ Pubis and ischium  post/dist femur ◦ Adduction, flexion, extension and lateral rotation Lateral (external) rotators Piriformis Superior gamellus Obturator internus Inferior gamellus Quadratus femoris All deep to glute max. Post hip  prox femur  Summary of Muscle Actions at the Hip Joint/Thigh Practice actions thinking about attachments and locations Abduction Adduction Extension Flexion Lateral Medial Rotation Rotation Gluteus Adductor Gluteus Iliopsoas Adductor Gluteus medius medius brevis, longus, maximus magnus magnus (hamstring part) Gluteus Gracilis Adductor Adductor Gluteus Gluteus minimus magnus brevis, longus, maximus minimus (hamstring part) magnus (adductor part) Tensor Pectineus Biceps femoris Pectineus Sartorius Tensor fasciae fasciae latae (long head) latae Semimembranos Sartorius Obturator us externus Semitendinosus Rectus femoris Obturator internus Gracilis Piriformis Superior gemellus Boldface indicates an agonist; others are synergists. Inferior gemellus Quadratus femoris Table 12.10 Muscles of the Knee Learning Target: Identify muscles that move the leg, and explain how each moves the tibia and fibula Pelvic girdle or femur  tibia or fibula Anterior extend knee joint/leg Posterior flex knee joint/leg Anterior muscles Converge to insert on quad tendon, patellar ligament All extend knee Rectus femoris ◦ O = ilium ◦ Superficial, function at hip and knee ◦ Knee extension and hip flexion Vastus lateralis ◦ O = femur Vastus intermedius ◦ O = femur ◦ Deep to RF Vastus medialis ◦ O = femur Posterior muscles Biceps femoris ◦ Long – ischium  fibula ◦ Knee flexion and thigh extension ◦ Short – femur  fibula ◦ Flex knee Semitendinosus ◦ Ischium  tibia ◦ Knee flexion and thigh extension Semimembranosus ◦ Ischium  tibia ◦ Knee flexion and thigh extension  Posterior Muscles Popliteus ◦ Femur  prox. tibia ◦ Knee flexion Muscles of the Ankle, Foot, and Toes Learning Target: Identify and describe muscles that move the ankle, foot, and toes Anterior – dorsiflexors and/or extensors Posterior – plantar flexors and/or flexors Medial – inverters Lateral – evertors  Anterior Muscles Tibialis anterior ◦ Tibia  med. cuneiform/metatarsal I ◦ Dorsiflexion, inversion Extensor digitorum longus ◦ Tibia/fibula  phalanges II-V ◦ Toe flexion, dorsiflexion Extensor hallucis longus ◦ Fibula  distal phalanx 1 ◦ Hallux flexion, dorsiflexion Fibularis tertius ◦ Fibula  metatarsal V ◦ Dorsiflexion, eversion  Posterior Muscles - superficial Gastrocnemius ◦ Femur  calcaneal tendon ◦ Plantar flexion, knee flexion Soleus ◦ Fibula, tibia  calcaneal tendon ◦ Plantar flexion Plantaris ◦ Femur  calcaneal tendon ◦ Plantar flexion, knee flexion  Posterior Muscles - deep Tibialis posterior ◦ Tibia, fibula  metatarsals II-IV, tarsals (except talus/calcaneus) ◦ Plantar flexion, inversion Flexor digitorum longus ◦ Tibia  dist. phalanges 2-5 ◦ Toe flexion, plantar flexion Flexor hallucis longus ◦ Fibula  dist. phalanx great toe ◦ Hallux flexion, plantar flexion  Lateral Muscles Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus ◦ Fibula  metatarsal I, med cuneiform ◦ Eversion, plantar flexion Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis ◦ Fibula  metatarsal V ◦ Eversion, plantar flexion