Guava Varieties & Cultivation PDF

Guava  Guava Psidium guajava L. Family: Myrtaceae Apple of tropics 4th in position High adaptability  Composition & Uses Lot of vitamins & minerals Vitamin-C & pectin - (Vitamin-260 mg/100g) Jam, Jelly, Cheese, Juice, Canned segments, nectar, RTS Jelly – most...

Guava  Guava Psidium guajava L. Family: Myrtaceae Apple of tropics 4th in position High adaptability  Composition & Uses Lot of vitamins & minerals Vitamin-C & pectin - (Vitamin-260 mg/100g) Jam, Jelly, Cheese, Juice, Canned segments, nectar, RTS Jelly – most important Leaves – Diarrhea, dyeing & tanning  Origin & Distribution Tropical America Countries :- South Asia, Hawaiian Islands, Cuba & India. States :- Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh (Allahabad) In India , guava is grown in an area of 0.13 m ha with a production of 1.50 m tonnes. In H.P., area under guava is 2003 ha and production is 415 MT.  BOTANY Mountain guava: P. montanum Chinese guava: P. friedrichsthalianum Strawberry guava: P. cattleianum Large shrub or a small spreading tree up to 10 m, fairly thin trunk and scaly multi coloured bark. Leaves: opposite, light green, simple, oval shape. Flowers: white, epigynous and develop on current growth in cymes or solitary in leaf axils. Fruits: round to pyriform  Varieties 1. Allahabad Safeda Most important in Uttar Pradesh Vigorous Erect growing (5.8 – 6.2 m) Long shoots , fruits medium, round, smooth Skin yellowish white White flesh Good keeping quality  Lucknow - 49 Selection from Allahabad safeda Semi dwarf (2.3 – 3.4 m) Spreading & profuse bearing Fruits roundish ovate, yellow colour, soft flesh, white, good keeping quality  Chittidar Tall tree with spreading branches, Fruits smaller, Round to ovate Yellow skinned with red dots on skin Soft flesh  Red Flesh Vigorous with spreading branches Crown ‘vase’ form & open, Fruits roundish ovate Yellow in colour Pink flesh Medium keeping quality  Seedless A tall tree with upright branches Not commercial because of shy bearing Fruits globose and yellow Flesh thick and creamy white Keeping quality poor  Hybrids FRS, Sangareddy Safed jam – A. Safeda x Kohir Kohir Safeda – Kohir x A. Safeda  Arka Amulya IIHR, Bangalore Seedless x A. Safeda Hybrid 16 – Apple color x A. Safeda Bright red skin  Other varieties Lalit Pant Prabhat Arka Mridula Dhareedar  Guava Varieties Arka Rashmi Arka Mridula Allahabad Safeda Arka Amulya Sardar (L-49) Lalit  Climate Tropical and subtropical Area with distinct weather – better quality Arid zones good taste Elevation upto 1200 m amsl Annual rainfall < 1000 mm between June & September Temperature > 46°C – ‘No’ Optimum : 23-28°C High temp @ fruit development - fruit drop Fairly tolerant to drought but highly susceptible to frost.  Soil Wide range ( Alluvial to Lateritic) Even salt affected soils (EC 8 m.mhos (cm) Saline water also Sensitive to water logging pH 4.5 – 7.5 Maximum concentration of roots @ 0.20 m depth. Best soils: Deep, friable and well- drained  Propagation Seed Viability lost very quick 90% germination on soaking in water 4 days & GA3 1000 ppm 24 hours Soaking in conc. H2SO4 – 2 to 3 minutes – very effective  Budding Patch (or) Forkert – July – August Rootstock - P. cattelianum Stooling 3 to 5 years old – cut back allowed to shoot IBA 5000 ppm Air layering – on – July ringcommercial) ( most of shoot - July Wedge Grafting Inarching – laborious – Rootstock P. cattelianum  Planting Planting – onset of monsoon (July- August) Deep ploughing Leveling Pits – 1meter cube 40-50 kg FYM + surface soil Planting  Planting distance Spacing – 6 x 6 m or 5 x 5 m 7.5 m x 7.5 m – fertile soil 4.9 m x 4.5 m shallow soil HDP – 3 – 3.5 x 3 – 3.5 m (800 – 900 pl/ha) Salinity – 5-10 kg gypsum (CaSO4) per pit in rains  Intercropping Peas, Beans, Cowpea, Grams Papaya and Pineapple  Flowering in guava Flowering Fruiting Bahar Quality April-May Rainy Mrig Poor quality season Rainy season Winter Hasth Moderate (Aug-Sep) Autumn (Oct- Spring Ambe Very good Nov) Mar-April  Crop regulation Hand thinning Withdraw irrigation from Jan – May Root exposure in Mar – April NAA spray @ 80-100 ppm in April. Defoliation by Urea @10% or Ethephon @ 1200ppm Pruning of 25-50% shoots in End April-May.  Training and pruning Open centre No criss – crossing Primary branches @ 75 cm above Off-shoots, dried & diseased- removed Bearing on current season’s growth Therefore, light annual pruning is required  Irrigation Low requirements Early stages, 8-10 irrigations a year. Full grown bearing, 15 days interval in April – June – good yield South India – Irrigation – fruits through out the year  MANURES & FERTILIZERS AGE (Yr) FYM (kg) N (g) P2O5 (g) K2O (g) 1 5 50 40 90 2 10 100 80 180 3 15 150 120 270 10 50 500 400 900 Time of Fertilizer Application Apply FYM in December. Apply fertilizers in two doses during May- June and September-October  Micro-nutrition Zinc Zn + B - Important Zn – Intervenal chlorosis Reduction in leaf size and fruits - Rosette Common in water logged areas : Control – 1 Kg. ZnSO4 + 1 Kg unslaked lime / 100 lit water – 2 sprays  Harvesting 2nd (or) 3rd year Greenish yellow & softness 4-5 months for maturity 1000 fruits – 10 year tree 12-15 t/year/ha  Post Harvest Management Highly perishable Therefore, immediate marketing Storability – 2 days @ room temperature Lucknow-49 – 1 month @ 10°C MH 1000 ppm + 6% waxol – higher shelf-life Storage: 8-100 C temperature; 80-90% RH and can be stored for 4 weeks