Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals - Muscles PDF

König/Liebich Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas Name Origin Insertion Function Innervation  Divided into: 1. Facial musculature 2. Masticatory musculature...

König/Liebich Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas Name Origin Insertion Function Innervation  Divided into: 1. Facial musculature 2. Masticatory musculature 1  Muscles of the lips and cheeks: 1. Orbicular muscle of the mouth (M. orbicularis oris) 2. Zygomatic muscle (M. zygomaticus) 3. Nasolabial levator muscle (M. levator nasolabialis) 4. Levator muscle of the upper lips (M. levator labii superioris) 5. Canine muscle (M. caninus) 6. Buccinator muscle (M. buccinator) 7. Depressor muscle of the upper lips (M. depressor labii superioris) (except car) 8. Depressor muscle of the lower lips (M. depressor labii inferioris) (except car) 9. Incisive muscle (Mm. incisivi) 10. Levator muscle of the chin (M. mentalis)  Muscles of the nose: 1. Transverse muscle of the nose (M. transversus nasi) (except car and su) 2. Lateral muscle of the nose (M. lateralis nasi) (except car and su)  Extraorbital muscle of the eyelids: 1. Malar muscle (M. malaris) 2. Orbicular muscle of the eye (M. orbicularis oculi) 1. Masseter muscle (M. masseter) 2. Temporal muscle (M. temporalis) 3. Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles (M. pterygoideus lateralis et medialis) 4. Digastric muscle (M. digastricus):  Rostral part (pars rostralis)  Caudal part (pars caudalis) Occipitomandibular portion (pars occipitomandibularis) 2 Horse erioris Horse r * * * Medial *M. digastricus 3 Dog Dog M. pterygoideus medialis M. Pterygoideus lateralis Opening of the jaw is largely assisted by gravity, but forceful depression of the mandible is primarily the function of the digastrics muscle. 4 1. Cranial oblique muscle of the head (M. obliquus capitis cranialis) 2. Caudal oblique muscle of the head (M. obliquus capitis caudalis) 3. Major dorsal straight muscle of the head (M. rectus capitis dorsalis major) 4. Minor dorsal straight muscle of the head (M. rectus capitis dorsalis minor) 5. Ventral straight muscle of the head (M. rectus capitis ventralis) 6. Lateral straight muscle of the head (M. rectus capitis lateralis) Dog The specific muscles of the head represent the functional continuation of the muscles of the neck onto head, thus they belong strictly speaking to the muscles of the trunk. Since their main function is the coordination of the movements of head, especially of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints. They are responsible for shaking, tilting, flexing and turning the head. 5 Dog Ventral Dorsal:  M. longissimus:  M. longissimus lumborum  M. longissimus thoracis  M. longissimus cervicis  M. longissimus atlantis  M. longissimus capitis  M. iliocostalis:  M. iliocostalis lumborum  M. iliocostalis thoracis  M. iliocostalis cervicis  M. Spinalis et Semispinalis thoracis et cervicis (Ru, Car) 6  Dorsal (cont.): Deepest layer: M. spinalis (Eq, Su):   Mm. multifidi  M. spinalis thoracis  M. spinalis cervicis  Mm. interspinales  M. Semispinalis (Eq, Su):  M. semispinalis thoracis  M. semispinalis cervicis  Mm. intertransversarii:  Mm. intertransversarii  M. Semispinalis capitis: lumborum  M. biventer cervicis (except  Mm. intertransversarii horse)  M. complexus (except horse) thoracis  Mm. intertransversarii  M. splenius (superficial muscle): cervicis  M. splenius cervicis M. splenius capitis   Mm. rotatores Horse 7 Ox Dog 8  Multifidus muscle, along with the other epaxial muscles, fixes the vertebral column, especially in bilateral action. As fixators also helps interspinal and intertransversal muscle. Mm. Multifidi Muscles of the neck (ventral): Girdle musculature of the pelvic  M. sternocephalicus: limb:  M. quadratus lumborum  Pars mandibularis (Ru, Eq)  M. psoas minor  Pars mastoidea (Ru, Su, Car)  M. iliopsoas:  Pars occipitalis (Car)  M. iliacus  M. psoas major  M. sternohyoideus  M. sternothyroideus Muscles of the tail (dorsal-lateral- ventral):  M. sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis  M. omohyoideus (except Car)  M. sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis  M. sacrocaudalis ventralis  M. longus colli  M. sacrocaudalis ventralis medialis  M. coccygeus  Mm. intertransversarii caudae  M. longus capitis 9 Dog Dog The girdle muscles arise from the ventral aspect of the lumbar vertebrae and insert on the pelvis or the femur. The musculature of the pelvic girdle, also termed the sublumbar muscles, comprises: smaller psoas muscle, iliopsoas muscle and quadrate lumbar muscle. The quadrate lumbar muscle stabilizes the lumbar vertebral column. 10  Muscles of the tail (Musculi caudae) Muscles of respiration:  Inspiratory muscles  Expiratory muscles 11 Inspiratory muscles: 1. M. serratus dorsalis (pars cranialis) 2. M. scalenus: M. scalenus dorsalis (except horse) M. scalenus medius M. scalenus ventralis 3. M. rectus thoracis 4. Musculi levatores costarum 5. Musculi intercostales externi 6. Diaphragma Expiratory muscles: 1. M. serratus dorsalis (pars caudalis) 2. Musculi intercostales interni 3. M. transversus thoracis 4. M. retractor costae 12 Ox Mm. levatores costarum M. retractor costae M. transversus thoracis Mm. intercostales externi Mm. intercostales interni Dog 13 The most important respiratory muscle is the diaphragm, which separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities It projects cranially into the thoracic cavity like a dome. Diaphragm Hiatus aorticus Pars lumbalis Crus sinistrum Pars muscularis Crus dextrum Crus dextrum Hiatus Hiatus esophageus esophageus For. venae For. venae cavae cavae Pars costalis Centrum tendineum Pars sternalis Dog Horse 1. M. obliquus externus  Linea alba abdominis  Anulus umbilicalis 2. M. obliquus internus The muscles that form the bulk of the abdominal wall support the organs abdominis of digestion and many of the reproductive organs, particularly the gravid (pregnant) uterus. These muscles are important in emptying the contents of the digestive tract, urinary tract and female reproductive tract at 3. M. transversus birthing (parturition). The abdominal muscles are used in regurgitation and vomiting and serve as strong muscles for forced expiration of air abdominis from the lungs. The abdominal muscles are arranged in layers much like plywood, with the muscle fibers running in different directions. Most of these muscles have broad aponeurotic insertions that meet at the 4. M. rectus abdominis midventral line known as the white line. 14 Horse 15