Chess Basics & History - Malabanias Integrated School

# **Physical Education** ## **Unit 3 - Indoor Recreational Activities** # **Chess** **Mr. Carlo Justino J. Luna** Malabanias Integrated School Angeles City ## **History** ### **Brief History of Chess** ### **Origin** - Chess is a game that has been played for centuries and was thought to have...

# **Physical Education** ## **Unit 3 - Indoor Recreational Activities** # **Chess** **Mr. Carlo Justino J. Luna** Malabanias Integrated School Angeles City ## **History** ### **Brief History of Chess** ### **Origin** - Chess is a game that has been played for centuries and was thought to have originated in India over the 15th century. - Long ago, it was considered a game reserved only for Kings and members of the upper classes. - Nowadays, chess is played by common people even at early age. - The modern design of chess pieces bears the name Staunton, who was an English master in the mid-1800's. - These are the type of pieces that are now used in all tournaments worldwide. ### **Anderssen** - London Tourney - the first international chess tournament played in 1851. - Adolf Anderssen - a German who won the game, London Tourney. - He became the unofficial best chess player of the world because he did not receive any award or title. ### **Morphy** - Paul Morphy - the first great American-born chess player. - Paul traveled to Europe in the 1850's, where he beat all challengers, including Adolf Anderssen. - However, the English champion of the time (Staunton) refused to play with him, so Morphy never became a world chess champion. ### **Steinitz** - The first official championship chess tournament was played in 1866 in London, with sand clocks to restrict the length of a game. - Steinitz - a Bohemian (Czechoslovakian) Jew who won the game. - He became the world's first official chess champion, holding this title until 1894. ### **Today** - Recently, Russia dominates the game of chess. This results from the establishment of government schools for talented chess players after the communist revolution of 1917. - Since 1927, many of the top chess players have been citizens of the former USSR, and include: Tal, Alekhine, Petrosian, Spassky, Smyslov, Anatoli Karpov, and Gary. ## **Goal** - Chess is a game played between two opponents on opposite sides of a board containing 64 squares of alternating colors. Each player has 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, 2 rooks, 2 bishops, 2 knights, and 8 pawns. - The goal of the game is to checkmate the other king. Checkmate happens when the king is in a position to be captured (in a position where it can be taken on the next move and cannot be moved out of the way). ## **Chess Pieces** <start_of_image> Game Piece | Piece Symbol | Description ------- | -------- | -------- King | + | The King's crown has a rounded shape. King's has a cross on top of their crown. Queen | M | The Queen's crown has a pointed shape. Bishop | + | The shape of the Bishop used in printed chess diagrams is based on the Bishop's Mitre, a liturgical headpiece worn by the bishop when exercising his office. Two bands called "lappers" hang from the headpiece. Knight | H | The shape of the Knight used in printed chess diagrams is the head of a horse. Rook | + | The shape of the Rook used in printed chess diagrams is a circular tower. Pawn | + | Swiss infantry formed pike squares of 100 infantry men in a 10 x 10 array, each holding a long pointed staff. A well-drilled pike square was impenetrable by cavalry and very mobile. ## **Chess Basics** - **How to Set Up the Chess Board** - “White to the right” - Put the white corner to the right side. Switching this can make a game invalid. - If the board has letters, they should read A-H for rows and 1-8 for columns. - **Basic Rules** - “Queen on her color” - White Queen is on a white square. Black Queen is on a shaded square. - “A lady wants her shoes to match her dress." - "Add the pieces in alphabetical order, going out from the King & Queen." - Bishops next to K & Q - Knights next to Bishops - Rooks in the Corners - Switching a Bishop and a Knight is a common mistake in setting up the board. - **Add the Pawns in Front** - Now the board is ready to play chess! - **Rules for Setting Up Board** - White (corner) to the right - Queen on her color - Add pieces alphabetically from the center - Pawns in Front ## **How the Pieces Move** ### **Moving Rooks** - Rooks move to vacant squares in a horizontal or vertical straight line. - Rooks must stop before their own pieces, or they can capture an opponent’s piece and occupy that square. ### **Moving Bishops** - Bishops move to vacant squares in a diagonal straight line. - Bishops must stop before their own pieces, or they can capture an opponent’s piece and occupy that square. ### **Moving Knights** - Knights move in an “L,” two squares in one direction and one square at a right angle. - Knights jump over pieces of any color. - Knights can capture opponent’s pieces, but not their own pieces. ### **Moving the Queen** - The Queen combines the moves of the Rook and the Bishop. The Queen moves to vacant squares in a straight line. - The Queen must stop before her own pieces, or she can capture an opponent’s piece and occupy that square. ### **Moving the King** - The King moves one square in any direction, but cannot stay in or move to a square under attack by an opposing piece, or occupy a square that has one of his own pieces. - The King may capture an unprotected piece, even if it is attacking him. - **Castling** is done with both the King and Rook in the same move. ### **Moving Pawns** - Pawns move forward, either one or two empty squares on their first move, and only one empty square after that. - Pawns may capture opponent’s pieces that are one diagonal square in front of it. - A Pawn cannot capture a piece directly in front of it. ### **“En Passant” Capture** - Pawns are allowed able to take an opponent’s pawn “en passant” (French for “in passing”). - When the opponent’s pawn moves two squares, the pawn can capture as if the pawn only moves one square. - This en passant capture **MUST** be done **immediately** (on the very next move), or the option to capture this way is lost. ### **Rules for Castling** 1. The King & Rook have not yet moved in the game. 2. All squares between the King and Rook are empty. 3. The King is not in check. 4. The King does not move to or move over a square that is in check. ## **Checkmate and When to Resign** - **Checkmate** is when one player’s King is threatened and there is no legal move to meet the treat. - The player giving checkmate wins the game. - A player can resign when their position is hopeless. It is a loss, but it saves time & shows they knew they lost. ## **4 Ways To Draw A Game** 1. By agreement with your opponent 2. Repeating the same position three (3) times, with the same person to move and the same possible moves 3. **Stalemate:** The player to move has no legal moves and is not in check 4. **The 50-Move Rule:** 50 moves without a check or a piece being captured by either player. ## **About Draws** - To request a draw: - You must be the player to move - Make your move - Offer a draw before touching the clock. The offer is considered on your time, not your opponent’s time. - If your opponent offers a draw, he often thinks he is losing. Check what's happening in the game before accepting. - **50-Move Draw Example** - The opposite-color Bishops can avoid each other, and avoid capture by the King forever. - This will be a draw eventually, if one is not offered and accepted. ## **Performance** 1. Name each chess piece. 2. Set up the chess board. 3. Demonstrate how each chess piece moves. 4. Demonstrate castling and en passant capture. 5. Explain the four rules in castling. 6. Demonstrate on a chess board four ways a chess game can end in a draw. ## **Thanks!** **Physical Education** Unit 3 - Indoor Recreational Activities **Chess** **Mr. Carlo Justino J. Luna** Malabanias Integrated School Angeles City