Prefixes Changing Meaning PDF

#### 70 Prefixes: changing meaning With adjectives -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- B. ***un-*** C. **With verbs** **over-** \[too much\] The bank **overcharged** me. \[asked me to pay too much money\] 1 *un* 70.2 **70.3** 2. able 8 necessary 3. correct 9 regular 4....

#### 70 Prefixes: changing meaning With adjectives -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- B. ***un-*** C. **With verbs** **over-** \[too much\] The bank **overcharged** me. \[asked me to pay too much money\] 1 *un* 70.2 **70.3** 2. able 8 necessary 3. correct 9 regular 4. usual 10 honest 5. possible 11 fair 6. comfortable 12 lucky +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | a | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | | | b | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | 3. She decided | | | | | to go to | | | | | bed. | | | | | | | | | | 4. He called | | | | | her name. | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | e | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | 6. He thought | | | | | he was | | | | | right. | | | | | | | | | | 7. She got to | | | | | the hotel. | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | h | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ 1. A: Adera is a strange name. B: Yes, very *unusual.* 2. A: It's against the law, isn't it? 3. A: You mean he took off all his clothes! 4. A: He probably won't get back in time for the meeting. B: I agree. It's very. 5. A: A lot of the answers were wrong. 6. A: He doesn't look in very good condition; he's a bit overweight. B: I know. He looks terribly. 7. A: Nobody thought this would happen. 8. A: They never tell the truth. 9. A: His business always seems to lose money, and it's not his fault. B: I know. He's very. 10. A: Ann always gives more attention to Sarah than she does to Lucas. B: Yes, it's very on poor Lucas. #### 71 Suffixes: forming nouns Verb + noun suffix  Adjective + noun suffix C. ***-er, -or* and *-ist*** -- -- -- -- -- -- 1. **Complete the tables and mark the stress on each word. (Stress is marked on the pronunciation of a word in a dictionary.) The last two in each column are not on the opposite page, but do you know or can you guess the noun formed from them?** -- -- -- -- -- -- 2. **Write down the names of the people who do these things as a job.** 1. sing opera music *opera singers* 2. act in films 3. important managers in a company 4. change words from one language into another 5. play football 6. dance in ballets 7. paint pictures 8. work in science 3. **Complete the text using words from the box with the correct suffix and spelling. One word also needs a prefix.** 4. **Complete the dialogues.** 1. A: He hasn't been well at all, has he? 2. A: Are they almost the same? 3. A: Has anyone made anything like this before? B: No, it's a brand-new. 4. A: Is her new novel going to be published in other languages? B: Yes, someone is working on a right now. 5. A: Does your daughter enjoy drawing too? B: Yes, she's a very good. 6. A: Javier gets tired after he's been playing for about ten minutes. 7. A: Do you think the organisation can still grow? #### 72 Suffixes: forming adjectives -al B. ***-able*** /əbl/ 1. a holiday for the whole country 2. they are important in Japanese culture 3. in a style that has continued for many years 4. usual C. ***-ful* and *-less*** 1. **Correct the spelling mistakes. Be careful: one word is correct.** 1. enjoiable *enjoyable* 2. carful 3. relyable 4. peacefull 5. confortable 6. anual 7. unforgetable 8. reasonable 9. unbeleivable 2. **Match the words on the left with the words on the right.** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 4. fashionable | | | | | | | | 5. a careless | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ 3. **Write an adjective formed from these nouns or verbs. 11--15 are not on the opposite page, but you can find them in the index if you don't know them.** 1. tradition *traditional* 2. attract 3. person 4. cloud 5. colour 6. fame 7. electricity 8. politics 9. enjoy 10. nation 11. wind 12. danger 13. create 14. emotion 15. fog 4. **Tick (**✓**) the words which form opposites with the suffix -*less*.** 5. **Complete the sentences.** 3. The tourist information office was very , and told us everything we needed to know. 4. The festival is an event, held on the first Monday in September. 5 It was very when I hit my leg against the corner of that table. 6. This bag is ; it's too small for me to put anything in it. 7. We've never had any problems with our TV in ten years; it's been very. 8 Most people agreed with it, so I think it was a decision. 9. This is just my opinion; others may not agree. 10. Travelling round China and the Far East was an experience. 11. Children perform dances at the ceremony, as they have done for hundreds of years. 12. Do you think this dress is for a wedding? 6. **Choose three adjectives from the opposite page which could describe these people or things.** 1. a village: *attractive* , *famous* , *peaceful* 2. a jacket: , , 3. an event: , , 4. a person you know: , , 5. an opinion: , , 6. a room: , , #### 73 Compound nouns Formation **wheelchair** B. **One word or two?** Pronunciation Forming new compounds 1. **Complete the circles with compound nouns from the opposite page.** roads jobs 2. **Complete the sentences.** 1. I got some money from the *cashpoint*. 2. I booked our holiday through a. 3. We stayed on a very nice , but unfortunately our tent wasn't really big enough. 4. He can't walk at all now, so he has to use a to move around. 5. I sent her a but she never received it; it must have got lost in the post. 6. Liz and Mark wanted to go out, but they couldn't find a for the children. 7. When I'm driving I always wear if it's very bright and sunny. 8. Most people have to pay on their salary; the more you earn, the more you pay. 9. I washed my hair, then discovered that the wasn't working. 3. **Which words are being defined?** 1. A substance that you use to clean your teeth. *toothpaste* 2. A piece of furniture for keeping clothes in. 3. Someone who plays music on the radio or at discos. 4. A card with your name, photograph and information to prove who you are. 5. The first language you learn as a child. 6. A game played on ice using sticks. 7. A punctuation mark at the end of a sentence. 8. A card you use to pay for things. 4. **Make new compounds using one part of the compounds below. Answers for 1--6 are on the opposite page, answers for 7--12 are in other parts of the book.** 1. airport *airline* 2. full stop 3. hairdresser 4. credit card 5. toothpaste 6. bus driver 7. living room 8. brother-in-law 9. sunglasses 10. traffic lights 11. wheelchair 12. film-maker #### 74 Word partners What do we mean by word partners? Verbs and nouns Adjectives and nouns Adverbs and adjectives 74.1 2. **Complete the text.** 3. **Replace *big* or *little* with a more suitable adjective.** 1. You won't need a ~~big~~ amount of money. 2. Why are they making such a *big* noise? 3. I've got quite a *big* vocabulary in French. 4. There is only a *little* choice of things we can buy. 5. We had a very *big* number of tourists this year. 6. I think the event had *big* importance for her. 7. Isabel only has a *little* vocabulary in English. 4. **Complete the sentences and dialogues.** 1. A: Why were they late? B: They got stuck in *heavy* traffic. 2. When I went into her bedroom, she was asleep. 3. A: Did you enjoy last night? B: Yes, it was fun. 4. I met Sasha in town. She told me she's a baby in June. Isn't that fantastic news? 5. A: We won 1--0. B: Who the goal? 6. Mathis me a joke, but I'm afraid I didn't understand it. 7. A: Are the boys asleep? B: No, they're still awake. 8. My neighbour's burglar alarm at 2 o'clock this morning and woke me up. 9. A: Why is she staying in Paris? B: She in love with a French guy. 10. I'm sorry, but I've lost your book -- I'll buy you a new one. 5. **Over to you** #### 75 Fixed phrases A What are fixed phrases? B Time phrases C Pairs of words D Introducing advice, opinions, etc. 1. **Using all the words in the square, find eight more phrases.** RIGHT -- -- -- -- ------- LATER AFTER AGAIN DOWN 2. **Complete the sentences with one word, then underline the full fixed phrase in each sentence.** 1. She's been working on that essay [night after] *[night]*. 2. I'm arranging everything for next week. By the , is your sister coming this evening? 3. My parents always turn up at my flat out of the. 4. Some people enjoyed the book, but to be , I thought it was boring. 5. I'd like to get of these CDs because I don't listen to them any more. 6. In , people are much happier when they have jobs that they enjoy. 7. I don't know what to do at the moment but I'll have to make up my soon. 8. It's a flexible ticket. For , you can use it during the week or at weekends. 9. Can I ring you later? I'm just to have lunch. 10. If I you, I'd get a new dictionary. 3. **Complete the fixed phrase in each dialogue.** 4. **Here are more idioms. Can you underline one in each sentence, and guess what it means?** 1. I've been in the job a few days, but I already [feel at home]. *feel comfortable and relaxed* 2. I've just bought these shoes and they cost a fortune. 3. Could you keep an eye on my bag for me? 4. The answer's on the tip of my tongue. 5. We had a night on the town last night. 6. I could do with a new computer; mine's quite old now. #### 76 Fixed phrases in conversation Common responses surprised when I saw it\] A: We have to work tonight. B: **You must be joking**. In conversation 1. **Put the responses in the most suitable column below.** 2. **Choose the correct word. Sometimes both are correct.** 1. I need to have a *word / speak* with Catalina. 2. I don't know what they plan to do; we'll have to wait and *see / watch*. 3. He usually wears jeans, trainers, and that *sort / kind* of thing. 4. Little children shout and scream all the time; they can't *help / leave* it. 5. A: I went to Cambridge last week. B: Really? *What / Why* for? 6. The trouble with Mark is that he doesn't *pay / give* attention. 7. A: Are you working tonight? B: *It / That* depends. 3. **Complete the dialogues with a suitable fixed phrase.** 1. A: Did you hear that Daniel's getting married? B: Yeah. *I don't believe it!* 2. A: Sofia doesn't listen. 3. A: Did you speak to Nathalie? 4. A: Dad wasn't happy about forgetting my birthday. B: No, he felt. 5. A: Do you know what time he'll be here? 6. A: Are you still planning to sell the flat? 4. **Where could you add the phrases in the box to the dialogues below?** 1. A: What did you say to him? 2. A: What colour was it? B: Blue. 3. A: He's not coming this evening, so you won't be able to ask him. B: Well, I'll phone him and ask him. 4. A: Jerry says we'll have to walk all the way to the campsite. B: That's ten miles! 5. A: Do you want to get a takeaway? B: Yeah. 6. A: What do they sell? 7. A: Did you see Chloe wearing those high-heeled shoes? B: Yes. #### 77 Verb or adjective + preposition Verb + preposition Prepositions that change the meaning Adjective + preposition 77.1 **77.2** **77.3** 1. He's tired *c* a me, but it missed. 2. She wasn't aware b to the manager. 3. He threw the pen to c of working at weekends. 4. She complained d his friend on the other side of the lake. 5. He shouted at e me, but I dropped it. 6. He shouted to f with them. 7. He threw the book at g us to get out of his garden. 8. I don't agree h of her mistakes. B: -- -- -- --- -- ------ -- B: B: B: B: ? B: ? B: 8. A: I know he's angry, but who's he shouting ? B: 9. A: Who can we rely ? B: 10. A: What language is the book being translated ? B: 1. A: Are you going to the exhibition? B: Yes, I'm very *interested* in art. 2. A: Is she to her sister? B: No, they're completely different. 3. A: What did she about? B: She wasn't happy with the food. 4. A: Angel is very good-looking. 5. A: What's with the radio? B: I don't know, but it's not working. 6. A: Did you like the course? 7. A: What's the matter? 8. A: It's a big problem. 9. A: We're a bit of milk. B: OK. I'll buy some when I go out. 10. A: Do Max's children have jobs? 77.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- 2. I've always been interested. 3. I'm not very fond. 4. I spend most of my money. 5. For my next holiday, I'm thinking. #### 78 Prepositional phrases A. ***By*, *on* or *in* + noun** Phrases easily confused 1. **Put the nouns into the correct columns.** 2. **Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.** 1. I'm afraid I deleted your email *on / in / by* accident. 2. Did she hit him *on / by / in* purpose? 3. I just saw them *with / by / on* chance. 4. Most of these files are *out-of- / out-from- / out-for-* date. 5. My wife is away *in / on / by* business at the moment. 6. I'm afraid I'm busy *on / in / at* the moment. 7. I've got to go; I'm *in / on / at* a hurry. 8. I won't go there again *on / in / at* future. 3. **Complete the missing noun in these prepositional phrases.** 1. I saw smoke coming out of the window, and I realised the house was on *fire*. 2. Nobody is at the factory. The workers are all on. 3. These chocolates are expensive because they are all made by. 4. I'm just going to the shop but I'll be back in a. 5. I'm sure she broke that vase on ; she never liked it. 6. I'm sorry I can't stop to talk now -- I'm in a. 7. She never thanked me for the present, so I won't buy her another one in. 8. You can't trust things you read on the Internet; a lot of the information there is out-of-. 9. I told them everything they wanted to know. I explained it all in. 10. I went to the exhibition, and some of Katya's paintings were on. 11. The manager can't speak to you at the ; I'm afraid she's on the. 12. It was a terrible journey but we got there in the. 4. **Replace the underlined word(s) with a prepositional phrase.** 1. The meeting was planned for 11 am and we got there [at 11 am]. *on time* 2. Did you get to the cinema [before the film started]? 3. Most of the factory is [burning]. 4. I had great difficulty finding the camera I wanted, so [finally] I bought one on the Internet. 5. He gets killed [in the last scene] of the film. 6. I'm afraid I'm very busy [right now]. 7. I saw her yesterday [but we didn't plan to meet]. 8. I'm writing an email, but I'll be with you [very soon]. 9. Most of these books are [old and the information is wrong]. 10. I explained the system [with all the important information]. #### 79 Phrasal verbs 1: form and meaning Formation Meaning Multiple meanings 1. **Choose the correct adverb or preposition to complete the sentence.** 1. I can't see. Could you put the light ? a in b on c out 2. If he doesn't want it, he can give it. a out b away c up 3. Have they sorted it ? a out b over c up 4. It was broken, so I had to take it. a over b on c back 5. I went to the airport to pick her. a up b down c over 6. What time did you wake ? a to b up c for 7. I get married next year. I need to start saving. a out b on c up 8. Could you switch the TV ? a down b on c in 2. **Replace the underlined word(s) with a phrasal verb that keeps a similar meaning.** 1. We never [discovered] what it means. *found out* 2. I'd like to [return] next year. 3. We [collected] Mia from the station. 4. We'll have to [increase] the price this year. 5. I've decided to [stop] eating chocolate. 6. Is Hana going to [continue] with her English course? 7. I told them to [leave]. 8. I [have a good relationship] with my parents. 9. We are planning to [employ] ten new drivers next year. 3. **Look at the dictionary entry for *go off* and match** a. When the light goes off, the machine has finished. *3* b. My alarm clock went off early this morning. c I think this meat has gone off. d. The bomb went off without any warning. e. Beatriz went off early; she had to meet a friend. 4. **Complete the dialogues.** 1. A: Can you afford that bike? 2. A: Is there still a problem? 3. A: Can we look at some books? 4. A: Did you feel unwell? 5. A: What's the matter? 6. A: I don't know what this means. 7. A: Does he look smart? 8. A: or we'll be late. B: OK, I'm coming. 1. **Leave** 2. **Food** *UK informal* 3. **Stop** 4. **Explode** 5. **Make noise** #### 80 Phrasal verbs 2: grammar and style Phrasal verbs with no object Phrasal verbs with an object **Take off** your coat**.** -- -- ----------------------------- **Take** your coat **off.** In dictionaries  Style 1. **Correct any mistakes with word order in the sentences. Be careful: some are correct.** 1. She asked me to hand ~~out them~~. *hand them out* 2. I've got some boots but I'll put on them later. 3. Could you turn the light on? 4. My boots were tight and I couldn't take off them. 5. We set off very early this morning. 6. Why did they turn down it? 7. The boys were hanging the station around. 2. **Replace the underlined word with a phrasal verb that makes the sentence more informal.** 1. Could you [wait] a minute, please? *hold on* 2. As so many people are ill, I've had to [postpone] the meeting till next week. 3. The teacher told us to [invent] a story to go with the picture in our books. 4. They [omitted] a number of the names from my list. 5. I don't know why he [rejected] my offer of help. 6. The train should [arrive] by ten o'clock. 3. **Write a sentence to describe what is happening or what has happened in the pictures.** 4. **Complete the phrasal verbs.** 1. I'm not stopping, so I won't take *off* my coat. 2. We didn't think Mike was good enough, so we left him. 3. He told me he was 25, but I don't believe him. I think he's making that. 4. We'll get there by seven if we set now. 5. I'll call you a bit later. I should be at your house by 7 o'clock. 6. They offered him the job but he turned it. 5. **Complete these sentences in a suitable way.** 1. It was cold so I put on *my gloves/coat/scarf.* 2. Inma is still getting over 3. I'm not very good at making up 4. She asked me to turn on 5. Two men tried to break into 6. She's going out, so I said I'd look after A. **Things we *make*, *do* and *take*** B. ***Make*** C. D. - remove something from a place/person, e.g. I **took** the key **out of** my pocket. - remove something without permission, e.g. Someone has **taken** my pen. - accept something, e.g. Did he **take** the job they offered him? Do they **take** credit cards there? - write something down, e.g. I **took** notes during the meeting. The man **took** my name and address. - wear a particular size in clothes, e.g. I **take** size 43 shoes. 1. **Choose the correct verb(s). Sometimes both are correct.** 1. Did he *do / make* many mistakes? 2. I couldn't *do / make* the homework. 3. We must *take / make* a decision soon. 4. I want to *do / make* a course in English. 2. **What are the people doing in the pictures?** 5. Could you *take / have* a look at this letter? 6. How many photos did they *make / take*? 7. I don't often *make / do* the housework. 8. They *did / made* a lot of noise at the party.  3. **Replace the underlined word or phrase with a phrase including the verb in capitals. Keep a similar meaning.** 1. I [clean the flat] at the weekend. DO *I do the housework at the weekend.* 2. They [forced us to go]. MAKE 3. I'm [trying as hard as possible]. DO 4. OK, let's [stop work and relax] for a bit. TAKE 5. He is definitely [trying]. MAKE 6. When are they going to [decide]? MAKE 7. I'm going to [relax and do nothing] this weekend. TAKE 4. **Complete the sentences.** 1. Someone *took* my coat. It was here a minute ago and now it's gone. 2. I'm tired of writing this report. I\'m going to a break for ten minutes. 3. We friends with Andrés when we were in the same class last year. 4. I've nothing today. 5. If they offered him a job with more money, why didn't he it? 6. Could you take a at my essay? I think there are lots of mistakes in it. 7. When he shouted out the wrong answer, it him look stupid. 8. What size do you ? 9. I'm putting on weight because I don't enough exercise. 10. I've up my mind. I'm going to go to Thailand for my holiday. 5. **Over to you** A. ***Give*** B. ***Keep*** C. ***Miss*** 1. **Match each verb with three phrases on the right.** 2. **Complete the sentences with a suitable adjective or *-ing* form.** 1. I never drink coffee at night; it keeps me *awake*. 2. This umbrella should keep you. 3. I don't know why she keeps -- it wasn't a very funny story. 4. If you do lots of exercise, it'll keep you. 5. It's really stupid, but I keep to lock the doors and windows when I go out. 6. They're making a lot of noise in there. Could you tell them to keep ? 7. I know his name is Stuart, but I keep it's Stephen. 8. I keep up early in the morning because it's so light in my bedroom. 3. **Complete the dialogues using a verb + noun. Don't repeat the underlined phrases.** 1 --- -- -- 2 3 4 5 6 7 4. **Complete the sentences with the correct verb and a word from the box.** 1. She *gave* me a *shock* when she broke that window. 2. If we leave the party early, we'll all the. 3. The guys are working really hard, but I don't know if they can it. 4. I couldn't get the car started, but fortunately someone me a. 5. We left before seven because we wanted to the. 6. She doesn't know what the problem is, but she getting. 7. I saw a fascinating programme on TV, and that's what me the. 8. When I go on holiday alone, I really my. 9. I didn't say anything to Annie about the wedding because she can't a Uses -- -- -- -- -- -- Phrases Phrasal verbs 83.1 1. I usually get about five emails a day. *receive* 2. Where can I get something to eat round here? 3. I'm just going to get some paper from the office. I'll be back in a minute. 4. What time did they get here last night? 5. He got very angry when I told him what you did with his CDs. 6. I couldn't get a room; all the hotels were full. 7. The phone's ringing. Could you get it for me? 8. Molly sent me a card but I never got it. 2. **Complete the dialogues using *getting* + a suitable adjective. Add other words if necessary.** 3. A: I'm. 4. A: It's. 5. A: It's. 6. A: My English is. 3. 1. Will the books be returned to you? Will you *get the books back?* 2. We must meet up and have a meal. We must 3. How do you meet people and make friends in this country? How do you 4. I must contact the travel company. I must 5. I'd like to throw away these old magazines. I'd like to 6. The train won't arrive before 10 o'clock. The train won't 7. The doors were locked; we couldn't leave. The doors were locked; we couldn't 8. I was awake for hours last night. I couldn't 4. 1. The window is broken. We *need to get it repaired.* 2. My hair is getting long. I 3. This essay is taking me hours. I 4. My watch isn't working. I 5. Lola has still got my CDs. I 5. ### 84 *Go*: meanings and expressions A. Different meanings of *go* - When we leave a place in order to do an activity, especially for enjoyment, we often express it with **go** + -**ing** or **go** (**out**) **for a** + noun. - **Go** can also describe a changing state (usually to a bad one) with certain adjectives. - We use **go** when we want to ask/say if a road or form of transport takes you somewhere. - **Go** can also mean 'disappear'. - **Go and get** means **fetch** \[go to a place and bring something back with you\]. You stay here, and I'll **go and get** the bags from the car. Phrasal verbs and expressions 1. **Complete the sentences with an *-ing* noun, e.g. riding, or *(out) for a* + noun, e.g. (out) for a walk.** 1. I went *shopping* this morning and bought some new clothes. 2. It was a lovely day, so we made some sandwiches and decided to go. 3. Why don't we go in that nice new café near the square? 4. I wanted to go because it was my first time in Rome. 5. My brother has just got a new sports car. We could go at the weekend. 6. The pool is at the end of the road, so we often go. 7. I'm just going to take the dog. 8. We went last night and didn't get home until three this morning. 9. It was my father's birthday, so we decided to go. 2. **Replace the underlined words with a different word or phrase. Keep a similar meaning.** 1. He [went mad] when he saw me. *got angry* 2. Hi Sue. How['s it going]? 3. Could you [go and get] my handbag from the other room? 4. Do you want to [go on] and do the next exercise? 5. What's [going on] in the next classroom? 6. When I got back, the others had gone. 7. I can't stay for the weekend; I have to go back on Friday. 8. Excuse me. Does this road [go] to the bus station? 9. My girlfriend had fish but I [went for] the chicken dish. 3. **Complete the dialogues with a phrasal verb or expression using *go*.** 1. A: I hear you had problems with your exam? 2. A: Can't he see very well? 3. A: Your uncle's just opened a new restaurant, hasn't he? How's it doing? B: Great. It's. 4. A: I imagine your parents were angry that you had a party when they were away. B: They were. My dad. 5. A: Simon isn't losing his hair already, is he? B: Yes, I'm afraid he's. 6. A: Are the books downstairs in the staffroom? +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 7 A: | | | | | | | | B: | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | 8 A: | | | | | | | | B: | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ 4. **Over to you**