701 Study Guide Week 2 2025 PDF

**Week 2 Study Guide** - Explain fight or flight related to the peripheral nervous system. - The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight. This occurs via an increase in heart rate, dilated airways, and redirected blood flow to the muscles. Mobilizes...

**Week 2 Study Guide** - Explain fight or flight related to the peripheral nervous system. - The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight. This occurs via an increase in heart rate, dilated airways, and redirected blood flow to the muscles. Mobilizes stored energy. - This all occurs during stressful situations or when the body needs to respond quickly to a perceived threat. - What are 3 facts related to albuterol? - Specific to B2 agonist. - Used to treat asthma through bronchodilation - It may cause tremors and tachycardia. - In large doses may lose selectivity to B2 and active B1. - What do beta blockers treat? - Angina pectoris - Blocking B1 receptors in the heart thus decreasing cardiac workload and oxygen demand. - They prevent ischemia and pain - Used for Migraine prophylaxis. - Hypertension - Less beneficial than previously believed - It can **reduce peripheral vascular resistance**, which could account for much of their antihypertensive effect. - How is myasthenia gravis treated? - Via **cholinesterase inhibitor**. Pyridostigmine. - These medications **prevent the degradation** of **acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase** and are sometimes called anticholinesterase drugs. - The main goal is to **increase the acetylcholine** available to activate receptors. - List what each of the following drugs/drug classes treats: Methyldopa, Clonidine, Phenylephrine, Alpha-blockers, Propranolol, and Dopamine. - Methyldopa- reduction in blood pressure **especially during pregnancy.** - Clonidine- treat **hypertension and severe pain** - Phenylephrine- **reduces nasal congestion**, elevates blood pressure, dilates pupils, delays anesthetic absorption - Alpha Blockers- used to treat **hypertension and BPH.** Reversal of toxicity. - Propranolol- used for **hypertension, angina pectoris**, MI, prevention of migraine, and stage fright. - Dopamine- is used in **shock and heart failure.** B1, dopamine, and high doses of A1 - What is receptor \"selectivity\" and how does it affect drug safety? - The ability of the drug to impact only the specific disease process we are aiming to target. - The inability to be sensitive can result in side effects as it impacts receptors on other organs. - What is pertinent drug teaching for a patient starting Levodopa? - Higher **risk of disabling dyskinesias** - It might take a while for a full therapeutic effect to occur. (Months) - **Losses efficacy over time** - What causes Parkinson\'s Disease? - the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain characterizes a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement control and is and it. - What are various treatments for Alzheimer\'s Disease? List one unique fact about each. - Cholinesterase Inhibitors - Donepezil- appetite loss and weight loss. - Rivastigmine- comes in patches and has a higher tremor risk. - Galantamine- extended release, avoided in patients with severe hepatic and renal impairment. - NMDA (N-methyl-D-asparate) - Memantine- excitatory neurotransmitter thus increasing the likelihood of neuron firing an action potential. Moderate to severe AD. - List 4 facts about Donepezil. - Most GI side effects - Take in the AM to avoid insomnia. - Can cause bradycardia - Available in disintegrating tablets. - Reversible inhibition of Ach. - Which drugs for Alzheimer\'s Disease must be used cautiously in patients with renal dysfunction? - **Galantamine- avoid use** - Memantine- use cautiously and may need dose schedule adjustment to avoid toxicity. - List 5 facts about phenytoin (Dilantin). - It should **not be used for absence seizures.** - **Gingival hyperplasia** is a side effect. - **Small changes** in dose can have **dramatic effects**. Small therapeutic index. - BBB maximum infusion rate to prevent cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension - It can cause double vision, sedation, and cognitive impairment. - The first drug to suppress seizures without depressing the entire CNS. - What things must be monitored in a patient on carbamazepine (Tegretol)? - CBC, electrolytes, LFTS, Scr/BUN and ECG \>40 - BBB: risk for skin reactions (steven Johnson syndrome.) - What are 3 facts about lamotrigine (Lamictal)? - **Lower risk for cognitive side effects** compares to some other AED's - Can cause headaches, dizziness, double vision, drowsiness, and nausea - **Do not need to get serum lab levels.** Levels are used to gauge compliance. - The **risk for suicide is greater than other seizure drugs** - Risk for **SJS and TEN.** - What does Ethosuximide treat? - Drug of choice for seizures (Not indicated for any other type of treatment) - Dose adjustments are needed for those with renal impairment? - Which anti-seizure agent requires a DEA license to prescribe? - Phenobarbital has CNS symptoms. - Limited usage due to side effects of generalized CNS depression. - Which anti-seizure medications have a secondary use as neuropathic pain relievers? - Gabapentin (Neurontin) - Pregabalin (Lyrica) - What are the cautions/contraindications for prescribing many of the drugs used to treat muscle spasms and muscle spasticity? - Avoid CNS depressants and antidepressants for risk - Addictive when given with ALC, opioids, or benzos. - This may result in respiratory depression. - Can have withdrawal with cessation after long-term usage.