Lying With Maps GGR172 Lecture Notes PDF

Check-In We will also be using Poll Everywhere a couple of times throughout the lecture, so keep it handy. PollEv.com/caitlincunningham364 Lying with Maps GGR172 November 11th, 2024  Today’s Schedule Little Lies: Projection, Symbolization, Standardization, Classification...

Check-In We will also be using Poll Everywhere a couple of times throughout the lecture, so keep it handy. PollEv.com/caitlincunningham364 Lying with Maps GGR172 November 11th, 2024  Today’s Schedule Little Lies: Projection, Symbolization, Standardization, Classification, Ecological Fallacy, MAUP Big Lies: Gerrymandering, Contested Territories, Advertising Image: Mythopedia 2024  All Maps are Models All maps are models: They are representations of reality, but they are not reality themselves Map: Google Maps 2024  Maps Lie! But How… We have discussed a number of ways that maps lie in this course already. What are some ways that maps lie? PollEv.com/caitlincunningham364  Guiding Questions Who made this map and why? What is included and what is excluded from this map? Where did the data come from? What modification strategies are used and why?  “To portray meaningful relationships for a complex, three-dimensional world on a flat sheet of paper or a video Little Lies screen, a map must distort The lies that are inevitable reality...There’s no escape from the and unavoidable in map cartographic paradox: to present a making because all maps are useful and truthful picture, an accurate map must tell white lies.” models. (Mark Monmonier, 1996)  Projections The process of taking the 3D earth and turning it into a 2D surface that can be put on a map inevitably leads to distortion of area, shape, and/or spatial relationships. Image: Kraak et al. 2020  Projections Image: Mercator projection gif reddit user neilrkaye  Choosing sizes and colours to emphasize or Symbolization deemphasize spatial objects is necessary to make sure correct info is provided Image:: Smith 2024  Symbolization Khartoum & Omdurman, Sudan How do the symbology choices support the purpose of the map? Images: Google Maps 2024  Standardization Population by Density by Country Population by Country Allows for areas of different sizes and shapes be compared Maps: :Eugene B-sov 2020; Our World in Data 2022  Classification Choosing a classification scheme can mask trends or it can overemphasize trends that may not be that important Break points and the number of classes are important decisions Classification  What are your Questions? Can also ask questions via. Poll Everywhere  Ecological Fallacy The assumption that an individual from a specific group or area will exhibit a trait that is predominant in the group as a whole. Esri 2024 Country Ecological Fallacy County State Results of the 2024 US Presidential Election Maps: CNN, NYT 2024  Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) A statistical bias that can occur during spatial analysis of aggregated data that causes differing results although the same analysis is applied to the same data. MAUP takes two forms: the scale effect and the zone effect. Esri 2024  Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) 174 162 169 161 630 651 Scale Effect 150 144 161 160 Data can be aggregated to different zoning scales 131 127 162 163 Analysis produces different results by scale 548 641 142 148 158 158 965 Zone Effect 968 Zones may have the same area buy varying forms 972 Analysis produces different results by scheme 526 979 530 Image: Figure 4.11 in Lloyd 2010  In Class Exercise: MAUP Complete your worksheet on MAUP. Part 1 is concerned with the scale aspect and Part 2 the zone aspect.  In Class Exercise: MAUP Part 1 Results, Symbolized State County Grid Percent Contaminated  Gerrymandering The practice of dividing or arranging a territorial unit into election districts in a way that gives one political party an unfair advantage in elections Image: Boston Gazette 1812; Map: Wikipedia.  What are your Questions? Can also ask questions via. Poll Everywhere Big Lies The lies that are incorporated into maps to mislead because of an underlying agenda.  Geopolitical Borders on Maps Video: Washington Post 2020  Geopolitical Borders on Maps Maps can be a tool of imperialism and colonialism Map: Mee, Arthur. 1910. The Childrens' Encyclopaedia.  Geopolitical Borders on Maps Maps: Decolonial Atlas 2014; Native Land Digital 2024 Maps can be a tool of resistance Advertising Lies  What are your Questions? Can also ask questions via. Poll Everywhere  Maps as Propaganda T and O Maps (5th to 15th century) Maps have long been used to promote a particular worldview Images: Isidore’s T and O Map c. 625: The British Library; T and O map on modern cartography: Wikipedia user Foobaz  Maps as Propaganda Maps were key propaganda tool during the Nazi Regime Maps: Nazi Propaganda maps 1938  Maps as Propaganda Maps were key propaganda tool during the Cold War  Projection Big & Little Lies are Symbolization Standardization Linked Classification The big lies are really about exploiting the Ecological Fallacy little lies to push an agenda, highlighting MAUP why it is so important to understand the process of map making and to look at any map through a critical eye  What are your Questions? Can also ask questions via. Poll Everywhere  Tutorial This Week: Working on Story Map Project Building on proposal to start creating the web maps that will be at the center of your project Image Credit: Fresno State University  Next Lecture: Surveillance Covers Chapter 8 in the Textbook Using spatial, digital data to track populations Image Credit: Fresno State University