Heat and Light 2 Part 2 PDF

EXCESSIVE GENERAL BODY CHILLING • • • • General reduction of body metabolism in all tissues in the body. Decrease in pulse rate, blood pressure & respiratory rate. Decrease in glomerular filtration, renal blood flow & urinary volume decrease . As core temperature decreased below 28º C confusion...

EXCESSIVE GENERAL BODY CHILLING • • • • General reduction of body metabolism in all tissues in the body. Decrease in pulse rate, blood pressure & respiratory rate. Decrease in glomerular filtration, renal blood flow & urinary volume decrease . As core temperature decreased below 28º C confusion and loss of consciousness occur & death occur when body temperature fall to (21 C). EXCESSIVE LOCAL CHILLING a- Acute transient inflammatory reaction: • Vasoconstriction of small superficial blood vessels, later the large arteries. • Pain, numbness, loss of sensation & the volume of affected tissue increasing as much as 15% of its volume. • The reaction subsides in the extremities within few hours after removal from exposure. EXCESSIVE LOCAL CHILLING b- Trench foot (immersion foot). • Occurs among soldiers especially in war time due to submersion in cold water for long time leading to peripheral vascular neuropathy. • It begins by redness, edema, paresthesia, itching & may pass to gangrene. EXCESSIVE LOCAL CHILLING C- Frost bite: • It is a state of angiospasm with agglutination of blood in the vessels due to exposure to low temperature (-5 : - 10 C). • • • • • It passes into 4 stages. Spastic: spasm of the blood vessels. Ischemic : decreases blood supply to the tissues as a result of spasm Necrotic ulcerative: chronic ulcers due to decrease blood supply. Gangrenous stage: either wet or dry PREVENTION AND CONTROL Environmental: • Addition of heat by radiators or heated steam. Workers (personal measures): • Thick clothes. • Good nutrition, • Vit. B complex supplementation, • Prevent smoking, • Limitation of duration of exposure. PROBLEM OF LIGHT IN INDUSTRY Value of lighting in industry: • Help in accident prevention. • Prevent easy tiring & fatigue with less eye strain. • Increase production & reduce spoilage. • Allow better housekeeping of the factory. • Lighting is not only important for the speed & accuracy of visual performance but is has a physiological effects on the human being. PROBLEM OF LIGHT IN INDUSTRY Good light must be: • Efficient, • Continuous, • Free from glare, • Uniformly distributed. • Best light contain more blue & violet. PROBLEM OF LIGHT IN INDUSTRY HEALTH EFFECTS Poor illumination or excessive brightness. Poor illumination • The acute effects: Eye strain, headache, eye pain, lacrimation, congestion around the cornea and eye fatigue. Accidents • The chronic effects on health include "miner's nystagmus" . Excessive brightness or "glare" Discomfort, annoyance and visual fatigue, may result in blurring of vision and lead to accidents. •