7.-Ancient-Egypt-2.pptx

LESSON 3 THE EARLY CIVILIZATIONS Objectives: To evaluate the relationship of geography to the rise of the early civilizations. To trace the oldest civilization that developed in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China. Ancient Egypt Location Lies in the Northeastern corner...

LESSON 3 THE EARLY CIVILIZATIONS Objectives: To evaluate the relationship of geography to the rise of the early civilizations. To trace the oldest civilization that developed in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China. Ancient Egypt Location Lies in the Northeastern corner of Africa “GIFT OF THE NILE”  Why did the Ancient Egyptians live near the Nile River?  Ancient Religion The religious beliefs of the Egyptians reflected the importance of nature in their lives.  The Egyptians practiced polytheism, the belief in many gods.  Re/ Amon-Re – the sun god  Osiris – god of the Nile Isis – goddess of magic  Horus – god of Pharaohs  Thoth – god of wisdom  Geb – earth god Ra the God of the Sun. Ra was the most important God. He was the lord of all the gods. He was usually shown in human form with a falcon head, crowned with the sun disc encircled by the a sacred cobra. Ra sailed across the heavens in a boat called the 'Barque of Millions of Years.' At the end of each day Ra was thought to die and sailed on his night voyage through the Underworld, leaving the Moon to light the world above.  Why did the Ancient Egyptians build pyramids? The Egyptians believed that if the pharaoh's body could be mummified after death, the pharaoh would live forever. The tombs were designed to protect the buried Pharaoh's body and his belongings.  Egyptians believed in afterlife, and that the soul could not enter into the future life without the body. Mummification – a method of embalming to preserve the bodies and keep them from decaying. PYRAMIDS Great Pyramid is the largest and most famous of the pyramids. It was built for the Pharaoh Khufu. It is over 140 meters high and took 20 years to build. What guards the pyramids? The Sphinx stands in front of all the pyramids in Giza. It has the body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh. Government of Ancient Egypt  Nomes Independent villages Ruled by local monarchs  Lower Egypt Upper Egypt  Upper Egypt – South Lower Egypt – North  Menes King of Upper Egypt Invaded and conquered Lower Egypt.  Menes He united Egypt under one rule. First Pharaoh  The Old Kingdom Age of Pyramids Rulers- pharaoh »Means great house  Pharaoh Absolute power Source of law Owner of all the lands and water in Egypt  organized a strong centralized government  Divided the kingdom into provinces  Appointed officials to supervise – Tax collections – Building projects – Irrigation system  Achievements Hieroglyphics  Achievements Engineering developed  Achievements Engineering developed Imhotep - chief minister - he designed the Step Pyramid at Sakkara for Pharaoh Zoser.  Why was Old Kingdom called the Age of Pyramid? KINGDOM PERIOD PHARAOHS/ COLLAPSE DEVELOPMENTS OLD 3000 - Khufu – a pyramid Heavy taxes KINGDOM 2200 was built for him; the drained treasury (Age of B.C. longest and most resulted to civil Pyramid enduring monument wars. building) Achievements Stimulation of art Irrigation system Canals Expansion of borders Age of Nobles Strong nobles in the provinces were fighting for power. Incapable pharaoh brought chaos resulting to long civil war. KINGDOM PERIO PHARAOHS/ COLLAPSE D DEVELOPMENTS MIDDLE 2050 – Ahmose I – drained Weak KINGDOM 1800 swampland in the Nile Pharaohs left (Age of B.C. delta. Egypt in Nobles) Digging of canal turmoil. connecting Nile to the Invaded by Red Sea. the Hyksos Building of Luxor and who ruled for Karnak Temples 200 years. Expeditions to Kush Syria, Mesopotamia and Crete. The Empire Age The leaders of Thebes drove the Hyksos out, and restored Egyptian rule. Achievements Egyptian rule was expanded to Southwest Asia as far north to the Euphrates River. Queen Hatshepsut first woman ruler in the world  THUTMOSE III brilliant military leader who expanded the empire to its greatest size  Amenhotep Change some traditional religious practices Worship to only one god (Aton) Changed his name to Akhenaton (pleasing to god) TUTANKHATON to TUTAKHAMON Decline of Egyptian Empire  Ramses II Ruled for 67 years Last ruler of the New Kingdom  He fought the Hittites and the Sea People  Assyrians and Persians conquered Egypt  Greeks led by Alexander the Great occupied lands in the Nile Valley. UPPER CLASS MIDDLE CLASS LOWER CLASS The Status of Women  Women in Egypt Acquire property Enjoy legal and economic rights Could manage, enjoy, own and sell property Could hold any high position in the government Could request a divorce Subjects taught in school Reading Writing Arithmetic Religious ceremonies and rituals Boys VS. Girls How was ancient Egypt governed?  What kind of religion did the ancient Egyptians practice? Why and how were pyramids built? How was Egyptian society organized? What are the similarities and differences of the four ancient Civilizations?  Which among of the ancient civilizations has greatly influence you? In what ways?