General Chemistry II PDF

WHY DO SOLIDS AND LIQUID BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY? Every particles of matter are in constant random motion In other words, all particles of matter regardless of the state (solid, liquid, and gas) posse’s kinetic energy, KE. The average kinetic energy, which is related to the particles...

WHY DO SOLIDS AND LIQUID BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY? Every particles of matter are in constant random motion In other words, all particles of matter regardless of the state (solid, liquid, and gas) posse’s kinetic energy, KE. The average kinetic energy, which is related to the particles' average speed, is proportional to the absolute temperature. Which has the slowest speed of particles moving of the different states of matter? solid is the slowest followed by liquid, and then gas particles are the fastest. Notice that in terms of order gas tends to be disorder than the liquid and solid. In addition, you might say that particles of solid are not in motion, by molecular studies solid particles are vibrating and the frequency of it cannot be notice by the naked eye In polar molecules the electrons are unevenly distributed because some elements are more electronegative than others. The partial negative side of one molecule is attracted to the partial positive side of another molecule. This type of force is stronger than the dispersion forces because polar molecules the dispersion force (or London force, named for Fritz London, the physicist who explained the quantum-mechanical basis of the attraction) Because SO2 is bent, the bond dipoles do not cancel each other out, giving the molecule a dipole moment Sulfur dioxide is a polar molecule because of its bent shape and the difference in electronegativity between its sulfur and oxygen atoms Sulfur has an electronegativity of 2.5, while oxygen has an electronegativity of 3.5, resulting in polar sulfur-oxygen bonds. Neon is a noble gas that exists as a single atom, with a balanced electron cloud and symmetrical distribution of electrons. Because Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. It allows objects such as razor blades and insects (e.g. water striders) to float on a water surface without becoming even partly submerged. Because of the relatively high attraction of water molecules to each other through a web of hydrogen bonds, water has a higher surface tension (72.8 millinewtons (mN) per meter at 20 °C) than most other liquids One is an inward force on the surface molecules causing the liquid to contract. [ A convex liquid surface, also known as a reverse or backward meniscus, occurs when a liquid curves upward in a container because the liquid molecules are more attracted to each other than to the container. This is due to a greater force of cohesion than adhesion A concave meniscus, which is what you normally will see, occurs when the molecules of the liquid are attracted to those of the container. This occurs with water and a glass tube..  The solids in which the constituent particles of matter are arranged and organized in a specific manner. These solids contain crystals in their structure and each crystal has definite geometry. They are also known as true solids. Moreover, as crystalline solids have low potential energy, they are the most stable form of solids. Almost all solids fall in the category of crystalline solids including metallic elements (iron, silver, and copper) and non-metallic elements (phosphorus, sulphur, and iodine). Also several compounds like sodium chloride, sugar,