fMRI 1 PDF

Martin Lindquist Tor Wager Department of Biostatistics Department of Psychology and Johns Hopkins Neuroscience and the Bloomberg School of Public Health Institute for Cognitive Science University of Colorado, Boul...

Martin Lindquist Tor Wager Department of Biostatistics Department of Psychology and Johns Hopkins Neuroscience and the Bloomberg School of Public Health Institute for Cognitive Science University of Colorado, Boulder @fMRIstats Introduction to fMRI  Neuroimaging PET: blood flow, neurochemistry fMRI: brain structure, opioids, dopamine brain dynamics Whole brain in < 1 sec Positron Emission Tomography Functional Magnetic Resonance A growing new field Goals of neuroimaging: TOWARD MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE  Multidisciplinary Science Behavioral Mind Sciences Health Sciences Body Psychiatry Psychology Endocrinology Economics Immunology Anthropology Genetics Political Science Sociology Neuroscience Behavioral Neuroscience Neuropsychology Neurology Brain  Multidisciplinary Science Mind Social Science Health Sciences Body Psychology Psychiatry Economics Endocrinology Anthropology Immunology Political Science Genetics Sociology Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience Behavioral Neuroscience Affective Neuroscience Neuropsychology Social Neuroscience Neurology Neuroeconomics Brain  MRI and Cognitive Science:" Biological bases of mental representation Mind Sensation and Perception Attention, Learning, Memory Reasoning, Decision-making Brain representation: Behavior Physical basis for a Brain mental experience or information structure Cognitive science: The interdisciplinary scientific study of the human mind Cognitive Affective Decision Social neuroscience neuroscience neuroscience neuroscience  MRI and Health Neuroscience:" Mind, brain, body, and health Memory and attention Mental health Social cognition Cognitive Psychology Emotion neuroscience Psychiatry Behavior (and related) Brain systems: Brain health Memory Emotion Neurology Psychophysiology Biol. psychiatry ANS HPA Stress science Health neuroscience Pathology and organ function Neuroimmunology Inflammation Psychoneuroimmunology Microbiome: Brain-gut ANS: Autonomic nervous system HPA: Hypothalamic-pituitary axis  MRI: Multiple Measures Gray matter Task-related activity Mental health Memory and attention Social cognition Emotion Functional T1 Brain health relationships White matter tracts Brain Connectivity Structural Health behaviors changes Brain systems: Memory Emotion DTI/DWI Peripheral ANS HPA mediators Vasculature Physiological connectivity Inflammation Pathology: Heart, vasculature, lung function, pathogen defense, tumor ‘ growth MRA  A Multidisciplinary Community Psychologists Statisticians Physicists Computer scientists Neuroscientists Behavioral scientists Engineers Clinicians Philosophers Public health Biologists Need experts in each discipline working together Need individuals with multiple types of expertise Introduction to MRI: IMAGE BASICS  Brain Imaging Brain imaging can be separated into two major categories: – Structural brain imaging – Functional brain imaging There exist a number of different modalities for performing each category.  Structural Brain Imaging Structural brain imaging deals with the study of brain structure and the diagnosis of disease and injury. Modalities include: – computed axial tomography (CAT), – magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and – positron emission tomography (PET).  MRI Proton Density T1 T2  Functional Brain Imaging Functional brain imaging can be used to study both cognitive and affective processes. Modalities include: – positron emission tomography (PET), – functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), – electroencephalography (EEG), and – magnetoencephalography (MEG). fMRI  Properties Each functional imaging modality provides a different type of measurement of the brain. They also have their own pros and cons with regards to spatial resolution, temporal resolution and invasiveness. Functional MRI provides a nice balance between these properties and has become the dominant functional imaging modality in the past decade.  Human neuroimaging 100 cm Large-scale 10 cm MEG & EEG PET ASL networks fMRI 1 cm Functional log(Space (mm)) maps 1 mm Columns 100 um BOLD fMRI 10 um 1 um 1 msec 1 s 10 s 2 min 3h 1 Day 12 Days Log(Time (s)) End of Module @fMRIstats  Brain Imaging In recent years there has been explosive interest in using imaging techniques to explore the inner workings of the human brain. Brain imaging data has found applications in a wide variety of fields, such as psychology, economics, political science, and statistics. In addition, it is central to several emerging fields, such as cognitive neuroscience, affective neuroscience, neuroeconomics, and more.