Acids & Bases Identifying & Naming PDF
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Uploaded by Kishore
Father Michael McGivney Catholic Academy
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Summary
This document provides an overview of acids and bases, including their properties and reactions. It details the characteristics of acids and bases, like their effect on litmus paper and neutralization reactions. The document also explains how to name different types of acids, and how to identify acids and bases using indicators.
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6.1 IDENTIFYING ACIDS & BASES PROPERTIES OF ACIDS Acids are substances that: – are molecular compounds – react with metals and carbonates – conduct electricity – turn blue litmus paper red PROPERTIES OF ACIDS Acids are substances that: – neutralize bases – taste sour – act as preser...
6.1 IDENTIFYING ACIDS & BASES PROPERTIES OF ACIDS Acids are substances that: – are molecular compounds – react with metals and carbonates – conduct electricity – turn blue litmus paper red PROPERTIES OF ACIDS Acids are substances that: – neutralize bases – taste sour – act as preservatives in food industry REACTION WITH METALS Acids react with metal to produce hydrogen gas (H2) This reaction is considered a single displacement reaction Word equation: hydrochloric acid + magnesium → magnesium chloride + hydrogen Chemical equation: 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) REACTION WITH CARBONATES Acids react with carbonate compounds to produce carbon dioxide gas (CO2) Word equation: (vinegar and Baking soda) acetic acid + sodium hydrogen carbonate → sodium acetate + carbon dioxide + water Chemical equation: HC2H3O2(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) → NaC2H3O2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) CHEMICAL FORMULAS OF ACIDS When acids are dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution, they release H+ ions The H+ ion gives acids their properties The chemical formula of an acid usually starts with H and is followed by (aq) HCl(g) is hydrogen chloride and is a gas HCl(aq) is hydrochloric acid and is an aqueous solution NAMING ACIDS Most acids can be recognized from the hydrogen atom at the beginning of the formula For example: HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 Naming acids involves a few simple rules NAMING ACIDS Rules: 1) Binary Acids - the acid is composed of H and a non-metal in groups 15-17 Add the prefix “hydro” and the suffix “ic” to the name of the non-metal element Follow with the word acid Example: HCl (aq) = hydrochloric acid NAMING ACIDS 2) Oxyacids – the acid is composed of H & a polyatomic ion Write the name of the polyatomic ion but change the ending to: o“ic” if the polyatomic ends in “ate” o“ous” if the polyatomic ends in “ite” Follow with the word acid Example: HNO3 = nitric acid HNO2 = nitrous acid NAMING ACIDS 2) Oxyacids The number of hydrogen atoms in the formula of any oxyacid is equal to the value of the charge of its related polyatomic ion For example, phosphate ion, PO43-, has an ionic charge of -3 The chemical formula for phosphoric acid is H3PO4 PRACTICE! HBr hydrobromic acid H2SO4 sulphuric acid HF hydrofluoric acid HNO2 nitrous acid Carbonic acid H2CO3 Nitric acid HNO3 Hydrochloric acid HCl PROPERTIES OF BASES Bases are substances that: – are ionic compounds – conduct electricity – turn red litmus paper blue – neutralize acids – taste bitter – feel slippery PROPERTIES OF BASES Unlike acids that are molecular compounds, bases are ionic compounds Bases, like most ionic compounds, are solids at room temperature Bases are dissolved in water to release the ions so that the solution can conduct electricity NAMING BASES Many bases are ionic compounds containing hydroxide (OH-) or carbonate ions (CO32-) Examples: NaOH, Mg(OH)2, NH4OH and NaHCO3 ACID-BASE INDICATORS An acid-base indicator is a substance that changes colour depending on whether it is in an acid or a base Colours of Common Synthetic Acid-Base Indicators:
