601 Introduction to Normalization PDF

❗ ❗❗ ❗ 601 Introduction to Normalization ** Normalization is a systematic approach to organizing data in...

❗ ❗❗ ❗ 601 Introduction to Normalization ** Normalization is a systematic approach to organizing data in a relational database. ** It aims to * reduce redundancy and dependency by dividing larger tables into smaller, related tables ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ and * * ensuring each table contains only relevant, non-duplicated data. ~~ ~~ * *** Normalization *** * improves data consistency, ** ** * * reduces anomalies, and **~~ ~~** * * optimizes storage, ** ** * * making databases more efficient and reliable. * Why Normalize? Without normalization, databases can face issues such as: ** ** ** Data * Redundancy: *** * Repetitive storage of data can lead to inefficiencies. * * * *** Update * Anomalies: ** When data is duplicated, updating one instance requires updating all instances to * ** ** * maintain consistency. *** *** *** Insertion * Anomalies: ** Inserting new data can be challenging if the database structure is not well-organized. * * *** *** *** Deletion * Anomalies: ** Deleting data from one table may result in the unintended loss of other valuable data. * * * * Normal Forms in Normalization ** Normalization involves several stages called Normal Forms (NFs). ** ==** ** ** ** == Each normal form applies a set of rules to ** ** == ensure data integrity and == == reduce redundancy. ==