Female Reproductive System PDF

Female Reproductive System L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) Reproductive System Lawan Hassa Adamu L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Organs of Female Reproductive System ◼ Ovaries ◼ Follicle Growth ◼ Oviducts ◼ Uterus ◼ Vagina ◼ External ge...

Female Reproductive System L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) Reproductive System Lawan Hassa Adamu L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Organs of Female Reproductive System ◼ Ovaries ◼ Follicle Growth ◼ Oviducts ◼ Uterus ◼ Vagina ◼ External genitalia ◼ Breast L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) Overview Internal Genetalia : – Paired of Ovaries – Paired of Oviduct – Uterus – Vagina L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) Overview External Genetalia: – Labia Majora – Labia Minora – Clitoris L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  OVARIES GERMINAL EPITH. Simple Sq.-cuboid Epith. TUNICA ALBUGINEA Dense CT- whitish color CORTEX – Stroma that houses ovarian follicles in various stages of development MEDULLA – Loose C. Tissue containing vascular bed and nervous L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) OVIDUCTS (Fallopian Tubes) ◼ The walls composed of : Mucosa layer – Lines by simple column. Epith. – Lamina propia – Charaterized by longitudinal folds Muscularis layer – Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle Serosa layer – Simple sq. epithelium L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes) Two types epith. Cell : Non ciliated peg cells – No cilia – Secretory : Nutritive & protective for oocyte capacitation of sperm. Ciliated cells – Cilia beat toward the uterus L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Uterus ◼ The Walls of uterus Endometrium Myometrium Serosa/adventitia L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Uterus (Endometrium) Epithelium : – simple columnar ciliated cells secretory cells lamina propria – loose CT, rich in fibroblast, reticular fiber – uterine glands (simple tubular) L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Uterus (Endometrium) Two layers (zone) : Functionalis – Thick, superficial (surface epith., lam. prop., & gland) – Rich capillary network (coiled arteries) – Sloughed at menstruation Basalis – Deep, narow (lam. prop., & gland) – straight arteries – Regenerate functionalis layer each menstrual cycle L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) Uterus (Myometrium) Thickest layer of uterus Composed of three layers of smooth muscle: – inner longitudinal – middle circular – outer longitudinal The size & number of muscle cells are related to estrogen levels. Pregnancy : hyperplasia & hypertrophy L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  CERVIX Epithel : – Lumen : mucus-secreting simple columnar epith. – External surface : stratified sq. nonkeratinized epith. Wall : – dense, collagenous cont. tissue Cervical glands regulates by progesteron – Serous/watery fluid : around the time of ovulation – viscous/mucus : at pregnancy/luteal phase of menstruation L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  VAGINA ◼ Vagina consist of three layers : Mucosa – Strat. Sq. Nonkeratinized Epit. (>> glycogen) – Lamina propria : loose fibroelastic C.T. , rich vascular. – No glands ; vaginal fluid from cervical glands Muscularis – Smooth muscle, inner circular & outer longitudinal Adventitia – Dense fibroelastic C.T L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  External Genetalia Labia majora – Structure ~ skin – Rich adipose tissue – Sweat & sebaceous glands Labia minora - Stratified squamus epith – Spongy C.T. with elastic fiber – >> blood vesel & nerve ending – sebaceous glands Clitoris – Strat. Sq. epithelium – Two erectil bodies (blood vessels, sensory nerve) Glands – Glands of Bartholin : mucus – Minor vestibular glands L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Mammary Glands Organs of milk production Consist of 15-25 lobes of comp. tubuloalveolar gland Excretory lactiferous duct Dense C.T. & adipose tissue separate the lobes Histologic structure varies according to : – Age – Physiologic status L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) Male Reproductive L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Male reproductive organs ◼ The male reproductive system is composed of the testes, genital duct, accessory glands and penis ◼ The genital duct can be divided into intra testicular and excretory genital duct. L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Male reproductive organs ◼ The intratesticular genital ducts include; straight tubules (tubule recti), rete testis and efferent ductules ◼ Excretory genital duct include; epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens and urethra (discussed in the urinary system). ◼ The accessory gland include; seminal vesicle, prostate gland and bulbourethral glands which produce secretion that are added to sperm during ejaculation. L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Testes ◼ Covered by a capsule of dense CT-tunica albuginea ◼ Posteriorly TA thickened to form mediastinum testis ◼ TA send fibrous septa to divide it into incomplete testicular lobules (about 250) intercommunicating with each other. L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Testes-lobule ◼ Lobule; 1-5 seminiferous tubules, surrounded by interstitial loose CT rich in blood vessels lymphatic vessels nerve mast cell macrophages and interstitial cells (Leydig cells) that secrete testosterone L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Testes – Seminiferous tubule (ST) ◼ Lined by specialized stratified epith. called germinal epith resting on a basement membrane of fibrous CT containing myoid cells. ◼ The stratified cells are made up of cell of spermatogenic origin occurring in 4-8 concentric cell layer. L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) Testes - substenticular cells (Sertoli cells) ◼ Within the stratified germinal epithelium present a pyramidal cells-Sertoli cells. base adhering to the basal lamina apex extending into the lumen help in supporting and nourishing the spermatogenic cells produced L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) Epididymis ◼ Head region is lined by ciliated columnar epith ◼ Body and tail is lined by pseudostratified columnar epith. made up of columnar cells with cilia like projection (stereocilia), shorter basal cells ◼ The tubule is surrounded by smooth muscle and rich network of capillaries L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Ductus (vas) deferens ◼ Pseudostratified epith. ◼ Lamina propria rich in elastic fiber. ◼ Lumen appeared stellate. ◼ Has inner circular and outer longitudinal layer (in the proximal part has additional inner longitudinal layer). ◼ The ampulla has the same structure with the seminal vesicles (to be discuss later) ◼ L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Ejaculatory duct ◼ Contain mucosa similar to that of ductus deferens, but there no muscle coat under the mucosa. L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) Seminal vesicles ◼ Simple columnar or pseudostratified with goblet cells within. ◼ The muscle layer contains outer longitudinal and inner circular fibers ◼ A thin fibrous CT covers the muscular layer. ◼ The mucosal lining is thrown into numerous thin fold that branch and anastomose forming network L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Prostate gland ◼ The glands are arranged in a concentric layers made up of inner layer of mucosal gland; a layer around the urethra, an intermediate layer of sub mucosal gland, and a peripheral layer with the prostate’s main glands L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Prostate gland … ◼ The fibroumascular tissue form a septa that separate the glandular element and continuous with fibrous capsule that covered the prostate gland. ◼ In section the glandular tissue is seen in form of numerous follicles (secretory unit) that are lined by simple columnar epithelial. ◼ The epithelium along with some underlying tissue are thrown into numerous folds. ◼ The follicle drain into 12 to 20 excretory ducts which is lined by double layered epithelium. ◼ A small rounded mass of uniform structure called corpora amylacea made up of glycoprotein is seen within the lumen of the follicle L.H. Adamu ([email protected])  Penis ◼ The penis is covered all round by thin skin that is attached loosely by to underlying tissue ◼ Two dorsal called corpora cavernosa and one ventral called corpus spongiosum ◼ The corpora cavernosa separated only by median fibrous septum ◼ The corpus spongiosum is covered by sheath of connective tissue. ◼ An additional sheath surrounds both the corpora carvanosa and spongiosum L.H. Adamu ([email protected]) THANK YOU L.H. Adamu ([email protected])